1. psychological methods-
Chapter 2 Section 1
Conducting Research-

2. Steps of Scientific Research
Form a Question
Form a Hypothesis
Test the Hypothesis
Analyze Results of Test
Draw a Conclusion
Hypothesis: an educated guess

3. Replicated
The study must be repeated
Repeated
…..etc

4. Surveys, Samples, & Populations

5. The Survey Method section 2

6. Surveys
Asked to respond to a series of questions about a particular subject
The finding are not
always accurate.

7. I will tell you what you want to hear
Not because of the surveys because of the information people give.
Some fear that their info wont be kept confidential.

8. Fun with Surveys

9. Target population

10. Target population The whole group you want to study or describe.
Too many in the target population
Study a sample- only a part of the target population

12. Individuals are selected by chance from the target population
Random sample
Individuals are selected by chance from the target population

13. Subgroups in the population are represented proportionally
Stratified Sample
Subgroups in the population are represented proportionally

14. Volunteer bias
People who volunteer to participate in research often because they have more free time or an personal interest in the study.

15. about a biased survey

16. Methods of Observation section 3

17. The test methods
IQ tests
Personality tests
Aptitude tests

18. An in depth investigation of an individual or a small group

20. Cross method
Instead of following a set of individual over a number of years, researcher select a sample that includes people of different ages

21. Naturalistic observation
Whether on groomed trails or following a troop through the underbrush, careful record keeping is essential to naturalistic observation.

22. Observe behavior in laboratory- controlled environment

23. Analyzing Observations
Correlation
A measure of how closely one thing is related to another
Two types of correlation
Positive
negative

24. Education / Salaries Positive correlation
One goes up so does the other

25. Stress / Health Negative correlation
When one goes up the other goes down

26. Experimental Method section 4

27. Experimental Method
Answers questions about cause and effect

28. Variables- factors that can vary or change
Independent- factors that researchers manipulate
Dependent- depends on the independent variable.

29. Experimental groups receive the treatment Control group does not
Experimental groups receive the treatment Control group does not . Every effort is made so all other conditions are held constant

30. Placebo- a substance or treatment that has no effect apart from a person’s belief in it.

31. Single blind studies
Participants are unaware of the treatment they are taking

32. Double blind study- both participant and experimenters are unaware who has obtained the treatment

33. Ethical Issues section 5

34. Ethics
Are standards for proper and responsible behavior.

35. Confidentiality- the records about research participants are kept private.

36. Informed Consent Deception
People agree or consent to participate in a research study only after they are given a general overview of the research.
At times participates are deceived. In testing a new drug the control group would be deceived by receiving the placebo.

37. Animal research

38. Is this Ethical? Stem cell research Selling of organs
Using animal for research
Genetic engineering