1. CPL Air Law
ATC Chapters 1 & 2

2. Aim
To review the legal documentation of aviation airlaw, and state the licensing requirements

3. Objectives
Identify & explain the different documents used in civil aviation
State the privileges & limitations of a CPL holder
Explain flight & duty times
Identify any medical requirements/limitations

4. 1. Documentation Civil Aviation Act (CAA)
Parliamentary document to give authority to the regulations/orders through the delegation of CASA.
It is created in line with ICAO’s Chicago Convention
Used as a means of complying & legislating Federal law with International Law
Civil Aviation Regulations (CAR)
Developed by CASA
Contains enforceable laws which must be complied with
What is permitted, and what is not

5. 1. Documentation Civil Aviation Orders (CAO)
Based on and comply with the CAR
More specific requirements on ‘HOW’ to meet CAR requirements
Eg: CAR states a pilot must hold and Instrument Rating to fly IFR, the CAO states the requirements to obtain an Instrument Rating
Part 20
Air Service Ops
Part 29
Air Service Ops – Misc
Part 40
Pilot Licenses/Ratings
Part 43
Flight Engineer Requirements
Part 45
Flight Crew Standards/Sims
Part 48
Flight/Duty Time Limitations
Part 52
Use of Airspaces
Part 82
Air Operator Certificates
Part 95
Exemptions of the CAR’s

6. 1. Documentation Civil Aviation Advisory Publications (CAAP)
Provide information on how to safely comply with CAR/CAO requirements
CAAP’s are ‘ADVISORY’ –do not need to be followed if CAR/CAO requirements can be met by other means
Aeronautical Info Publications (AIP)
Air service information package
Details operational laws and standards
AIP
ERSA
DAP (Departure/Approach Procedure charts)
NOTAMS (Notices to Airmen)
Charts/Maps
Amendments

7. 1. Documentation Aeronautical Info Publications (AIP)
Contains 4 sections
AIP GEN (General) – Info regarding weather, sunset/rise, air navigation standards, radio standards
AIP ENR (Enroute) – Info regarding to enroute navigation requirements, approach requirements, operational information in regards to general flying
AIP AD (Aerodromes) – Info regarding aerodrome design, signage, and operations
AIP SUP (Supplements) – Extra information released on a regular basis providing NOTAMS on temporary changes to operations
Eg: Temporary changes in airspace due to airshows

8. 1. Documentation En Route Supplement Australia (ERSA) - FAC
Details information about airports of Australia (like a directory)

9. 1. Documentation En Route Supplement Australia (ERSA) - PRD
Some volumes of airspace which hold potential hazards are classified as Prohibited, Restricted, or Danger Areas (PRD)
Details of all PRD areas are located in ERSA
Interpret the above!

10. 1. Documentation En Route Supplement Australia (ERSA) - GEN
General Info for preflight and inflight planning
GEN IFR – IFR waypoints
GEN VFR – VFR waypoints (includes lat/long details)
GEN FPR – Flight Planning Requirements for designated areas in Australia
GEN CON – Conversion tables for various units (eg: feet, meters, km, temp)
GEN PF – Pre Flight information for NAIP online, AVFAX, DECTALK, Weather
GEN FIS – Flight Information Service, Remote areas, Information frequencies, Jet/Military routes

11. 1. Documentation En Route Supplement Australia (ERSA)
ERSA, GEN MET – Meteorological information, advising of weather frequencies and phone numbers
GEN NAV/COMM – civil/military HF frequencies and locations of their towers
GEN EMERG – Emergency procedures and details, survival, use of ELT, radio failure procedures, SSR emergency transponder codes, search/rescue signals,
En Route Supplement Australia (ERSA) - RDS
Runway Distance Supplement
Details distances for runways at various aerodromes, also includes slopes, surface details and limitations

12. 1. Documentation Logbooks
According to CAR 5.51 a logbook must contain:
Record endorsement, privileges, hours of experience
Details of recordings found in CAO
Have details of address, DoB, ARN
Flight details including: Date, Rego, Plane type, departure/arrival, instrument time, flight hours (single or multi), copilot time,
Be kept as long as license in valid
- In Australia, until deceased
Under instruction a pilot must record DUAL
A student may only record PIC if the sole occupant of the aircraft
Co-pilot time may only be recorded when as Co-Pilot in an operation where 2 pilots are required

13. 2. Privileges & Limitations of a CPL
CPL holder
A CPL holder may conduct commercial operations
CAR 2 (para 7) details private operation as:
Personal transportation
Aerial spotting for no remuneration
Carriage of passengers for no charge with no schedule
Conversion training for endorsements
Or activates similar to the above
Maximum 6 passengers
Commercial operations detailed in CAR 206
Aerial spotting, ag ops, advertising, instructing, ambulance, carriage of passengers for reward

14. 2. Privileges & Limitations of a CPL
CPL holder
A CPL is subject to conditions set out by CASA (CAR 5.11), eg: Glasses to be worn
A CPL remains in force until suspended, cancelled, or holder is deceased (CAR 5.12)
At CASA request, a pilot must display their license asap, or if not held, within 7 days after the request (CAR 5.56)
Further license information in CAO 40.0
A pilot/copilot must not enter vertical/inverted spins unless endorsed and entry entered in logbook
A pilot/copilot must not conduct aerobatics unless endorsed and entry entered in logbook

15. 2. Privileges & Limitations of a CPL
CPL holder
To hold a CPL (CAR 5.104)
Must be at least 18
Hold a radio telephone operators license
Pass the appropriate theory exams
Meeting aeronautical performance standards from VFR syllabus
Having obtained a CPL, the holder is permitted to fly in any operation
This is further subject to:
Holding appropriate endorsements
Holding appropriate ratings (eg: IFR, or agricultural)
Meeting flight review and recency requirements
Compliance with limitation imposed on license/medial certificate

16. 2. Privileges & Limitations of a CPL
CPL flight reviews & recency
(CAR 5.108) A commercial pilot must not fly unless within 2 years before a flight the pilot has completed a flight review.
Must in be an aircraft flown the greatest during previous 10 flights, or,
A similar aircraft fitted with dual controls
At completion of a flight review an endorsement must be made in the pilots logbook
A flight review is also equivalent to:
A flight test for a rating or license
A proficiency check
… So long as it is completed within 2 years before the proposed flight

17. 2. Privileges & Limitations of a CPL
CPL flight reviews & recency
(CAR 5.109) A commercial pilot must not fly day/night unless recency is met
3 takeoffs and landings in the last 90 days or
Passed a proficiency check (ie- a dual flight) within 90 days or
Passed a flight test within 90 days
(CAR 5.110) A commercial pilot 60 years or over
Must not carry passengers or fly commercially, unless…
Aircraft is fitted with dual controls
Operates with a crew of qualified pilot/s
Between years old has completed a review/check within 1 year
65 years and over has completed a review/check within 6 months
Qualified pilot is defined as a pilot who is licensed, hold appropriate ratings/endorsements, less than 60 years old.

18. 2. Privileges & Limitations of a CPL
Endorsements/Ratings
(CAR 5.22) A pilot must not fly an aircraft unless he is endorsed on the particular aircraft and (CAR 5.01) holds the appropriate flight crew rating for the proposed flight activity
Endorsements include (CAO ):
Category – classification of aircraft, glider, rotor, aircraft, balloon
Class – classification of handling characteristics, single engine, multiengine
Type – classification of a specific model/type of aircraft, C172, BE55, PA44, B737
Design Feature – classification of a specific feature of aircraft, CSU, tail wheel, ski, floats
Ratings include (CAR 5.01 para 2)
Agricultural activities
Flight training
IFR
Night VFR

19. 3. Flight/Duty Limitations
Flight time limits (CAO 48)
To prevent operators from over rostered pilots and creating fatigue
Flight time – from when the aircraft moves under its own power til shutdown
Duty time – the time pilot performs duties related with his/her employment
Reserve time – a period at which a flight crew member must make themselves available for a tour of duty (CAO 48, 3.1)
Reserve time shall not exceed 16 hours. If reserve time is commenced at home, the total time from home til end of duty shall not exceed 23 hours. Reserve time spend at home shall not be included as Duty Time.
Eg: If 16 hrs was spent at home, then max ToD can only be 7 hours.
Effective Duty Time, max 23 hrs
At home 
Reserve Time
Duty Time
Rest
Effective Duty Time, max 16 hrs
At work 
Reserve/Duty Time Combination
Rest

20. 3. Flight/Duty Limitations
Flight time limits (CAO 48)
Dead Head Transport – the time a pilot reports for duty, thence being transported for a positioning flight
Eg – a pilot sitting in jump seat and flying to another destination for work
Where DHT is not followed by a rest period and continues to a ToD, Dead Head Transportation shall be included as Duty time.
Where a ToD is not followed by a rest period and continues to Dead Head Transport, it shall be included as Duty Time
Effective Duty Time
Dead Head Transport
Duty Time
Rest
Dead Head Transport
Duty Time
Rest
Ideal option
Dead Head Transport
Duty Time
Rest

21. 3. Flight/Duty Limitations
Rostering time limits (CAO 48.1)
An operator shall not roster a pilot to fly more than 8 hours in a ToD
An operator shall not roster a Tour of Duty greater than 11 hours
An operator shall not roster more than 90 hours ToD in a fortnight
These limits include reserve, dead head, and admin time
Rest period – means a period of time at which a pilot is relieved of all duties associated with employment

22. 3. Flight/Duty Limitations
Rostering time limits (CAO 48.1)
CAO – Before a Tour of Duty a pilot must have 9 hrs rest between 10pm-6am, OR 10 hrs off.
CAO – Should a pilot arrive beyond 10pm, rest may be commenced from 11pm, however next ToD must not be greater than 6 hours.
CAO – Following 2 ToD, if the sum of flight is greater than 8hrs, or sim of ToD greater than 11 hrs and the rest period between is less than:
12 hrs between 10pm-6am, or
24hrs if not between 10pm-6am, Then,
The pilot requires rest of 12hrs between 10pm-6am, or 24 hrs prior to next tour of duty
CAO – Within 7 days a pilot must have 1 day relieved of all duties with rest between 10pm-6am

23. 3. Flight/Duty Limitations
Rostering time limits (CAO 48.1)
CAO &1.6 – If a ToD/flight time has been extended it be me increased to 9 hours flight time, or 12 hours ToD time.
CAO – If extensions have been made with 1.5/1.6, rest must be:
9 hrs between 10pm-6am plus 1hr for every 15min of overtime for 11hrs ToD, OR
10 hours plus 1hr for every 15min of overtime for 11hrs ToD
CAO – if a flight extended in accordance with 1.5/1.6, and exceeds 9hrs flight time or 12hrs ToD, the pilot must have 24hrs rest.

24. 3. Flight/Duty Limitations
Rostering time limits (CAO 48.1) - Special
CAO – Special conditions
A pilot may conduct a tour of duty between 11-15hours provided:
Aircraft is <5700kg & VFR
A 4 hour uninterrupted break is provided
If rostered for another 11-15hr ToD a rest period of 24hr is provided after the first tour of duty
A rostered ToD 11-15hrs long may only occur once within 6 days
A maximum of 6 hours flight instruction within the ToD

25. 3. Flight/Duty Limitations
Cumulative duty time (CAO 48.1)
CAO /.15/.16
The following is cumulative totals of flight hours permitted:
Within 365 days no more than 900 hrs flight time
Within 30 days no more than 100 hrs flight time
Within 7 days no more than 30 hrs flight time

26. 4. Medical requirements & limitations
Drug & Alcohol limitations
Health & medical fitness limitations from CASR 67D
CASR , para 3& 4
Class 1 medical (CPL) – if sick for more than 7 days must notify a DAME
Class 2/3 med (PPL/ATC) – if sick for more than 30 days must notify DAME
Further aviation activities must not continue until DAME certified

27. 4. Medical requirements & limitations
Drug & Alcohol limitations
Alcohol/Drug limitation from CASR 99
Para 1 (C)
Personnel involved in SSAA (Safety Sensitive Aviation Activities), are required to submit to drug/alcohol testing
SSAA include, pilots, baggage handling, maintenance, manufacture, refullers, (details in CASR )
Organizations involved with SSAA are required to have DAMP (Drug & Alcohol Management Plans)
Testable substances include, cocaine, cannabis, opioids, amphetamines
Alcohol limit BAC (Blood Alcohol) 0.02% after 8 hours.
Over Counter prescription drugs may cause positive results, such as, codeine (panadeine, codis, codral), morphine opiates, nose/ear medications, antihistamines
If in doubt, ASK YOUR DOCTOR

28. Questions?