2. By: Vicky Zakrzewski Audience: EVERYONE Cardiovascular Disease

3. Blood Vessels gets clogged and flow to the heart or brain is blocked. Lack of oxygen supply to heart or brain. How It Occurs!

4. Poor diet Lack of Exercise Heredity Affecting Factors

5. Blood clot, blood vessel, or ruptured artery blocking blood flow to the brain Brain requires certain delivery of oxygen and glucose from the blood stream Cerebrovascular accident (stroke) occurs when this delivery is disrupted a) can result in cell damage (brain damage) What Are Strokes?

6. Ischemic Stroke - Blood clot or blockage to brain. a) Most common 75% of all strokes Types Of Strokes Hemorrhagic Stroke - Brain fills up with blood putting to much pressure on the brain a)25% of strokes

7. Cardiovascular disease Over age 55 Male Family History Blood Pressure High Cholesterol Diabetes Cigarettes Who Gets Strokes?

8. Dizziness, Trouble Walking, Loss of Balance and Coordination Slurred Speech Paralysis one side of body Blurred Vision Severe headache Symptoms

9. Combat physical and emotional struggles Brain damage can result in paralysis of bodily functions Relearn Basic everyday skills a) Eating b) Walking c) Dressing Life After Stokes

10. More than 1 million people suffer from a heart attack each year. Heart Attacks!

11. Myocardial Infarction “Myo”- muscle; “Caridial”- heart; “Infarction” - lack of blood causes death of tissue What is it?

12. Typical Causes Coronary artery supplies heart with blood Coronary Artery Disease causes coronary artery to narrow Fat cells, proteins, inflammatory cells, and more clog the artery Forms plaque Plaque breaks and platelets come to form a blood clot Clot prevents blood flow to the heart causing the heart to suffocate without oxygen

13. Permanent death of heart tissue. Result

14. Coronary Artery Spasm a) more unlikely cause Silent heart attacks are typically caused by Diabetes a) A heart attack is produced without prior symptoms Other Causes

15. Discomfort, Pressure Pain in chest, back, arm, under the sternum, jaw throat Feeling of heartburn or indigestion, fullness, or choking Dizziness, sweating, nausea, vomiting Extreme shortness of breath, weakness, or anxiety. Rapid or irregular heartbeats Symptoms WebMd.com/heartdisease/guide/heart_disease_heart_attacks

16. Coronary Artery Disease Diabetes Cardiovascular Disease Related Illnesses

17. Medicines and procedures to help open coronary arteries and make it easier for heart to pump. Treatment

18. Lifestyle Changes Post-Heart Attack Quit smoking Lose weight Eat healthy diet Increase physical activity Prescriptions to help control blood cholesterol, blood pressure, and chest pain Cardiac Rehabilitation Most patients may return to all normal activities within the first few weeks

19. Heart attack victims are at greater risk of a repeat heart attack a) Symptoms are different the second time Heart attack vs. Angina Repeat heart attacks feel much more severe than angina Angina is the body’s warning sign that the heart is working too hard a) Choking feeling under the sternum Risk of a Repeat Heart Attack

20. Aka Hypertension High Blood Pressure!

21. Definition: Blood pressure that is persistently higher than normal. What is High Blood Pressure?

22. Vascular weaknesses Vascular scarring Increased risk of blood clots Increased plaque build-up Tissue and organ damage from narrowed and blocked arteries Increased workload on the circulatory system Over time, if the force of the blood flow is often high, the tissue that makes up the walls of arteries gets stretched beyond its healthy limit. This creates problems in several ways:

23. High blood pressure (hypertension) killed 56,561 people in the United States in 2006 About 74.5 million people in the United States age 20 and older have high blood pressure One in three adults has high blood pressure Statistics

24. Uncontrollable: Family History Gender Age Risk Factors Controllable: Lack of Physical Activity Poor diet (especially if high in salt) Overweight/ Obesity Drinking too much alcohol Not completely proven yet: Smoking/ Second hand smoke Stress Sleep Apnea

25. High Blood Pressure is often called “the silent disease” because there are no symptoms until it reaches an advanced state. There's a common misconception that people with high blood pressure will experience symptoms such as nervousness, sweating, difficulty sleeping or facial flushing. Symptoms

26. Healthcare professionals use a medical instrument called a sphygmomanometer, which in layman's terms is known as a blood pressure monitor. This bicep cuff monitor yields the most accurate reading among various types of monitors. Getting Tested

27. Systolic The top number measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats (when the heart muscle contracts) Diastolic The bottom number measures the pressure in the arteries between heartbeats (when the heart muscle is resting between beats and refilling with blood) Understanding Blood Pressure Results Read as "117 over 76 millimeters of mercury"

28. Blood Pressure Chart Blood Pressure Category Systolic mm Hg (upper #) Diastolic mm Hg (lower #) Normal less than 120andless than 80 Prehypertension120 – 139or80 – 89 High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Stage 1 140 – 159or90 – 99 High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Stage 2 160 or higheror100 or higher Hypertensive Crisis Hypertensive Crisis (Emergency care needed) Higher than 180orHigher than 110 This chart reflects blood pressure categories defined by the American Heart Association. * Your doctor should evaluate unusually low blood pressure readings.

29. Lifestyle Changes Can help a patient suffering from: I. Coronary Heart Disease, Heart Attacks & Congestive Heart Failure a) Reduce amount of salt intake b) Eat Healthier c) Exercise d) Keep blood pressure under control e) Stop Smoking f) Limit Alcohol Examples of Cardiovascular Treatments

30. Blood Thinners Hypertension Antiarrythmatics Cholesterol Lowering Rate Control Vasodilators Medicine Treatments

31. Defibrillation: I. When a electronic device gives an electric shock to the heart to help establish normal contraction rhythm. a) AED devices are now in schools Cardioversion: I. Used in emergency situations to electrically or chemically shock the heart out of abnormal heart rhythms. a) Mostly associated with low blood pressure, faintness, loss of consciousness and difficulty breathing Special Procedures

32. Stents: Tube placed in an artery to help keep the passageway open. Transplants: When a doctor removes a diseased or defected heart and replaces it with a donor heart. The success rate varies and the person receives the heart can have many complications. Bypass Surgeries: Arteries from another region of the patients body are moved to the area of the heart in order to improve blood supply and flow. Surgical Treatments

33. How Can You Prevent Cardiovascular Disease?

34. A person’s blood pressure should be < 120/80 Lower Your Blood Pressure!

35. Lose weight Eat heart healthy foods Exercise daily Reduce salt Quit smoking Decease alcohol Ways To Lower Your Blood Pressure

36. A. Aerobic exercises B. Strength training exercises Be Active!

37. Keep saturated fats low Eat less or no trans fats Stay away from sugars and processed foods Reduce cholesterol Get at least 50% carbohydrates a day Eat foods high in fiber Eat more fruits and vegetables Keep A Healthy Diet!

38. Get More Sleep! Reduce Stress! Stay Positive! For more info check out http://www.webmd.com/heart- disease/guide/diseases-cardiovascularhttp://www.webmd.com/heart- disease/guide/diseases-cardiovascular