1. Cardiac Emergencies Cardiovascular System Heart Attack Caring for a Heart Attack

2. Cardiovascular System Heart-muscular organ that pumps blood (about the size of your fist) Heart-muscular organ that pumps blood (about the size of your fist) Blood- carries oxygen & nutrients Blood- carries oxygen & nutrients

3. Arteries Carry oxygen- rich blood AWAY from the heart.

4. Veins Carry oxygen- Carry oxygen- poor blood back to the heart.

5. Coronary Arteries Supply the heart Supply the heart muscle with blood

6. Heart Attack When the heart muscle doesn’t receive oxygen, that part of the muscle dies and causes CHEST PAIN!

7. Common cause of Heart Attack Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular Disease –Leading cause of death for adults in the United States –Nearly 1 million deaths each year

8. Signs and Symptoms of a Heart Attack* - Chest pain (#1) -Pressure, squeezing or tightness -Difficulty breathing -Sweating -Nausea or vomiting -Pale, bluish or moist skin -Changes in pulse rate

9. Heart Attack Victims Victims often deny that they are having a heart attack or dismiss the pain as indigestion Victims often deny that they are having a heart attack or dismiss the pain as indigestion Do NOT let this influence you…if you think the victim is having a heart attack you must act FAST. Do NOT let this influence you…if you think the victim is having a heart attack you must act FAST. –Prompt action may prevent cardiac arrest

10. Heart Attack* Heart Attack* Pain or discomfort in the chest that lasts more than 3-5 minutes or that goes away and comes back Pain or discomfort in the chest that lasts more than 3-5 minutes or that goes away and comes back

11. Risk factors for Cardiovascular Disease Smoking Smoking Poor diet (high in fat) Poor diet (high in fat) High blood pressure High blood pressure Obesity Obesity Lack of regular exercise Lack of regular exercise

12. Risk Factors

13. HYPERTENSION High Blood Pressure

14. Measures High Blood Pressure Sphygmomanometer Sphygmomanometer

15. Blood Pressure Normal- 120/80 Normal- 120/80 –120 = pressure of blood against the artery walls when the heart beats -- 80 = pressure between beats

16. Blood Pressure Values Normal-Less than 120/80 Normal-Less than 120/80 Hypertension- 140/90 Hypertension- 140/90

17. Increase in High Blood Pressure

18. Causes of HBP Genetics Genetics Obesity Obesity Lack of physical activity Lack of physical activity Too much salt in the diet Too much salt in the diet Too much alcohol consumption (no more than 1 to 2 drinks per day) Too much alcohol consumption (no more than 1 to 2 drinks per day) Stress Stress

19. Where’s the SALT? Contain high levels of sodium (salt) Contain high levels of sodium (salt) –Lunch meats –Soy sauce –Canned soups and canned vegetables –Frozen dinners –Pickles –Chinese food –Potato chips, corn chips

20. Symptoms of HBP There are NO symptoms or signs of hypertension, so you usually don't feel it. There are NO symptoms or signs of hypertension, so you usually don't feel it. In fact, nearly 1/3 of those who have hypertension don't know it. The only way to know if you have hypertension is to have your blood pressure checked. In fact, nearly 1/3 of those who have hypertension don't know it. The only way to know if you have hypertension is to have your blood pressure checked.

21. Health problems associated with HBP Stroke Stroke Heart failure/attack Heart failure/attack Sleep apnea/snoring Sleep apnea/snoring Kidney failure Kidney failure Vision problems Vision problems Premature death Premature death Erectile dysfunction Erectile dysfunction baldness baldness

22. Reducing the risks Eat more fruits and veggies Eat more fruits and veggies Lower salt intake (1 tsp a day) Lower salt intake (1 tsp a day) Exercise at least 30 minutes a day Exercise at least 30 minutes a day Moderate alcohol consumption (no more than 2 drinks a day) Moderate alcohol consumption (no more than 2 drinks a day) Maintain healthy weight Maintain healthy weight

23. Cholesterol HDL and LDL HDL= good LDL= bad

24. LDL- Bad cholesterol Too much LDL in the blood causes a build up Too much LDL in the blood causes a build up

25. What LDL does it can slowly build up in the inner walls of the arteries that feed the heart and brain, forming plaque, a thick, hard deposit that can clog those arteries it can slowly build up in the inner walls of the arteries that feed the heart and brain, forming plaque, a thick, hard deposit that can clog those arteries

26. ATHEROSCLEROSIS This condition is known as atherosclerosis. If a clot forms and blocks a narrowed artery, it can cause a heart attack or stroke. This condition is known as atherosclerosis. If a clot forms and blocks a narrowed artery, it can cause a heart attack or stroke. atherosclerosis

27. HDL- Good cholesterol HDL- Good cholesterol HDL cholesterol is known as the "good" cholesterol HDL cholesterol is known as the "good" cholesterol HDL tends to carry cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it's passed from the body. HDL tends to carry cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it's passed from the body.

28. Increasing your HDLs Increase the monounsaturated fats in your diet. Increase the monounsaturated fats in your diet. –canola oil, avocado oil, or olive oil and in the fats found in peanut butter Add soluble fiber to your diet. Add soluble fiber to your diet. –oats, fruits, vegetables, and legumes –at least two servings a day

29. What NOT to eat… Saturated fatty acids - which come from animal fats (meat, lard, dairy products) and tropical oils such as coconut and palm oils - raise the levels of LDL cholesterol. Saturated fatty acids - which come from animal fats (meat, lard, dairy products) and tropical oils such as coconut and palm oils - raise the levels of LDL cholesterol.

30. NO GOOD FOR YOU stick margarines contain the most trans fatty acid, tub margarines contain less, and semi-liquid margarines contain the least stick margarines contain the most trans fatty acid, tub margarines contain less, and semi-liquid margarines contain the least

31. Obesity Hazards Risk of: strokes, diabetes, heart disease, HBP Risk of: strokes, diabetes, heart disease, HBP Appendicitis Appendicitis Arthritis Arthritis Hernia Hernia

32. Need to change our Lifestyle 2/3 of Americans are overweight 2/3 of Americans are overweight

33. Get Healthy NOW Cardiovascular disease develops gradually, over many years Cardiovascular disease develops gradually, over many years Leading a healthy lifestyle now is important for future health Leading a healthy lifestyle now is important for future health