1. Roman Imperial Coin Imagery as Political Propaganda

2. Vespasian AD 69-79 Silver Denarius "Vespasian, the ruler of the world." Obv: IMP CAES VESP AVG CEN - Laureate head right. Rev: SALVS AVG - Salus seated left, holding patera. Rome mint: Aug-Dec AD 73

3. Titus Den “Annona” Titus (struck under Vespasian as Caesar) AD 71-81 Silver Denarius “Vespasian and Titus insure food is on the table of all Roman households.” Obv: T CAESAR VESPASIANVS - Laureate head right. Rev: ANNONA AVG – Annona seated left, holding bundle of corn ears. Rome mint: AD 78-79

4. Domitian AD 81-96 Silver Denarius "My years of service to Rome." Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG P M TR P XI - Laureate head right. Rev: IMP XXI COS XVI CENS P P P - Minerva standing left, holding spear and thunderbolt; shield rests at back of her leg. Rome mint: AD 92

5. Trajan AD 98-117 "As we enter into our campaigns remember, victory marches with Trajan." Obv: IMP CAES NERVA TRAIAN AVG GERM - Laureate head right. Rev: P M TR P COS IIII P P - Victory standing to the front, her head turned left, holding wreath and palm. Rome mint: AD 100

6. Hadrian AD 117-138 Silver Denarius "Hadrian gives: you should too!" Obv: HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS - Bare head right, drapery on left shoulder. Rev: LIBERALITAS AVG COS III P P - Liberalitas standing right, emptying cornucopia. Rome mint: AD 132-134

7. Hadrian AD 117-138 Silver Denarius "Hispania is a great land within the empire-both I and Trajan before me, hailed from there.” Obv: HADRIANVS AVG COS III P P - Laureate bust right, draped. Rev: HISPANIA– Hispania reclining left, holding branch and resting left elbow on rock Rome mint: AD 134- 138

8. "Ageless & Timeless Egypt" Hadrian AD 117-138 “Egypt” Obv: HADRIANVS AVG COS III PP - Bare head right Rev: AEGYPTOS - Egypt reclining left, left elbow on snake wrapped basket and holding a sistrum in her right hand; at feet, an Ibis. Rome mint: AD 134-138

9. “Left facing bust of Sabina” Hadrian AD 117-138 "The emperor and empress work for the good of the Romans as one spirit united in purpose" Obv: SABINA AVGVSTA HADRIANI AVG PP - Diademed bust left, draped Rev: CONCORDIA AVG – Concordia seated left, holding patera in right hand and leaning elbow on back of chair arm shaped like Spes, while beneath her is an erect cornucopia. Rome mint: AD 129

10. Sabina "Standing Juno" Hadrian AD 117-138 "Juno, reigns." Obv: SABINA AVGVSTA - Diademed bust right, draped. Rev: IVNONI REGINAE - Juno standing left, holding patera and scepter. Rome mint: AD 134

11. "Clasped hands" WORTHY Antoninus Pius AD 138-161 Silver Denarius "Behold the power of cooperation within the office of Augustus." Obv: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P - Laureate head right. Rev: COS IIII - Clasped hands over corn ears and caduceus. Rome mint: AD 145-161

12. Faustina "Augusta-Ceres" Antoninus Pius AD 138-(141 Faustina) 161 "My wife, our Augusta, she now walks with the Gods." Obv: DIVA FAVSTINA - Bust draped right. Rev: AVGVSTA - Ceres standing left, holding a torch and a scepter. Rome mint: AD 141

13. Temple in Roman Forum first dedicated to Diva Faustina and restructured to include the added dedication to Antoninus after his later death.

14. Marcus Aurelius AD 139-180 "My 15th year and now Augustus." Obv: IMP M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG - Bare head right. Rev: PROV DEOR TR P XV COS III - Providentia standing left, holding globe and cornucopia. Rome mint: March AD 161 to Dec AD 161

15. "Annona" Marcus Aurelius AD 139-180 "Sharing the wealth of empire with our citizens is good government" Obv: ANTONINVS AVG ARMENIAVS - Laureate head right Rev: PM TR P XIX IMP II COS III- Annona standing left, emptying contents of cornucopia using both hands into a modius at left at feet.. Rome mint: Dec AD 164 to Aug AD 165

16. Septimius Severus Ad 193-211 "Septimius and imperial family tour Carthage and North Africa. While there, they sponsor the construction of a new aqueduct to serve the growing port city of Carthage in AD 204." Obv: SEVERVS PIVS AVG - Laureate head right. Rev - INDVLGENTIA AVGG - Dea Caelestis riding right on lion over water gushing from rock to the left: she holds a thunderbolt and scepter. Exe: IN CARTH Rome mint: AD 204

17. Septimius Severus AD 193-211 "Our fate rests with the stars" Obv: IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG COS II - Laureate head right Rev: SAECV FELICIT - Crescent and seven stars Emesa mint: AD 194-195

18. Septimius Severus AD 193-211 "Let freedom ring across the land." Obv: L SEPT SEV PERT AVG IMP II - Laureate head right. Rev: LIBERO PATRI - Bacchus (Liber) standing left, holding oenochoe (wine-cup) over leopard on left and thyrsus in other hand. Rome mint: AD 194

19. Caracalla AD 196-217 “I've experienced ‘the force of the unconquered Sun’ in this, my 18th year in the east.” Obv: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG GERM – Laureate head right. Rev: PM TR P XVIII COS IIII P P - Sol standing left, holding right hand up in salute and globe. Rome mint: AD 215

20. Caracalla AD 196-217 "A strong leader has the support of Mars." Obv: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG - Laureate head right. Rev: PONTIF TR P VIIII COS II - Mars standing left, holding reversed spear and resting right hand on shield. Rome mint: AD 206

21. Geta AD 198-212 "The happiness of the citizenry." Obv: P SEPT GETA CAES PONT - Laureate bust right, draped and cuirassed. Rev: FELICITAS PVBLICA - Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopia. Rome mint: AD 203

22. Geta AD 198-212 "Geta takes his vow to serve the people of Rome." Obv: GETA CAES PONT COS - Bare head bust right, draped. Rev: VOTA PVBLICA - Geta veiled, standing left, holding patera over tripod altar, sacrificing. Rome mint: AD 205

24. Julia Domna AD 193-217 "Love conquers all." Obv: IVLIA AVGVSTA - Bareheaded bust left, draped. Rev: VENVS VICTRIX - Venus standing front, head left with outstretched right hand holding helmet and left elbow leaning on column and holding palm; at feet, left, a shield. Rome mint: AD 210 Julia Domna --- wife of Septimius and mother of Geta and Caracalla

25. Philip I Ant "Roma, the eternal" Philip I "the Arab" AD 244-249 "I have brought eternal peace to Rome, the eternal city." Obv: IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG - Radiate bust right, draped and cuirassed. Rev: ROMAE AETERNAE - Roma sitting left, holding Victory and scepter. Rome mint: AD 247

26. Urbs Roma AE3 "Wolf and twins" Constantine I "the Great" AD 306-337 "A commemoration of the city of Rome." Obv: VRBS ROMA - Helmeted bust of Roma left, cuirassed. Rev: no legend - Wolf and twins Romulus and Remus, above are two stars. Exe: SMTS (epsilon) Thessalonica mint: AD 330-333

27. Constantine I "the Great" AD 306-337 AE3 "Rome's glorious army." Obv: CONSTAN- TINVS MAX AVG - Rosette-diademed bust right, draped and cuirassed. Rev: GLOR- IA EXERC-ITVS - Two Soldiers standing to the front, their heads turned inward at two standards between them, each holds a spear and leans on a shield. Exe: (dot) CONSB (dot) Constantinople mint: AD 333-335

28. Constantine I AE4 “Hand of God” Constantine I "the Great" AD 306-337 AE4 "Constantine, the 13th apostle, goes to heaven." Obv: - DV CONSTANTI-NVS PTAVGG- Veiled bust draped and cuirassed right. Rev: no legend - Constantine quadriga right, the hand of God, upper center, grasps him to heaven. Exe: SMH (epsilon) Heraclea mint: AD 337-340