1. Introduction to Greek and Roman History Lecture 19 Octavian’s triumph

4. Silver denarius, R/ DICT PERPETVO CAESAR, wreathed and veiled head of Caesar right; V/ SEPVLLIVS MACER, Venus standing left, Victory in right, long vertical scepter in left, shield at feet to right.

7. The Empire at the death of Caesar

9. Mutina, 21 st April 43 When his designs were opposed by Marcus Antonius, who was then consul, and on whose help he had especially counted, and Antony would not allow him even common and ordinary justice without the promise of a heavy bribe, he went over to the aristocrats, who he knew detested Antony, especially because he was besieging Decimus Brutus at Mutina, and trying to drive him by force of arms from the province given him by Caesar and ratified by the senate. Suetonius, Life of Augustus, 10.2

11. Philippi October 42

12. The agreement of Brundisium, September 40

13. Sextus Pompeius MAG PIVS IMP ITER, galley adorned with aquila, sceptre and trident before the Colonna Rhegina, decorated with a statue of Neptune/Poseidon PRAEF CLAS ET ORAE MARIT EX S C, the monster Scylla, her torso of dogs and fishes, wielding a rudder as a club. On the reverse, the title of Sextus Pompeius, PRAEFECTUS CLASSIS ET ORAE MARITIMAE EX SENATUS CONSULTO, means "Commander of the fleet and of the coasts for decision of the Senate".

14. Antony and Cleopatra Marc Antony and Cleopatra Denarius, 34 BC Alexandria mint. CLEOPATRAE REGINAE REGVM FILIORVM REGVM, draped & diademed bust of Cleopatra right; prow before / ANTONI ARMENIA DEVICTA, bare head of Antony right; Armenian tiara behind.

15. Antony’s mercenaries at Actium Marc Antony, AR Denarius, 32-31 BC, Mint moving with Marc Antony ANT. AVG / III. VIR. R. P. C Praetorian galley right, scepter tied with fillet on prow LEG | Iib Aquila between two legionary standards