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Chapter 14 THE Roaring 20’s & the JAZZ AGE
The American Nation In the Modern Era Chapter 14 THE Roaring 20’s & the JAZZ AGE 4/15/2017 Section 1: Boom Times Section 2: Life in the Twenties Section 3: A Creative Era CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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The American Nation In the Modern Era
4/15/2017 Section 1: Boom Times Objectives: How did the economic boom affect consumers and American businesses? How did the assembly line spur the growth of the automobile industry? How did Henry Ford change working conditions during the 1920s? How did widespread automobile use affect the daily lives of many Americans? How did American industries encourage changes in consumer practices? CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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Social Tensions City Country (rural) Alcohol Gambling Promiscuity
Science & technology Entertainment & Play Religion City Country (rural) FOR AGAINST
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The American Nation In the Modern Era
4/15/2017 Section 1: Boom Times Effects on consumers Wage increases for workers increased their purchasing power. Increased consumer demand led to the development of new products. Electricity became more available. CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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The American Nation In the Modern Era
4/15/2017 Section 1: Boom Times Effects on business Businesses used scientific management to increase productivity. Factories became more efficient. CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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The American Nation In the Modern Era
4/15/2017 CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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The American Nation In the Modern Era
The assembly line 4/15/2017 Section 1: Boom Times cut production time and costs enabled reductions in price allowed more consumers to buy cars CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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Changes made by Henry Ford
The American Nation In the Modern Era Changes made by Henry Ford 4/15/2017 Section 1: Boom Times developed the assembly line increased productivity but work became repetitive increased wages shortened the workday CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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The automobile’s effect on daily lives
The American Nation In the Modern Era 4/15/2017 Section 1: Boom Times The automobile’s effect on daily lives linked rural areas to urban areas; contributed to growth of suburbs use of trains and trolley cars reduced; horse-drawn vehicles replaced growth in popularity of auto-touring new social opportunities for teenagers reduced sense of community CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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Changing consumer practices
The American Nation In the Modern Era 4/15/2017 Section 1: Boom Times Changing consumer practices offering of installment plans introduction of new materials and designs use of advertising beginning of planned obsolescence establishment of retail chain stores CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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The American Nation In the Modern Era
SECTION 1 4/15/2017 Boom Times new materials and designs installment plan advertising CHANGING CONSUMER PRACTICES retail chain stores planned obsolescence CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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The American Nation In the Modern Era
4/15/2017 Section 2: Life in the Twenties Objectives: What impact did prohibition have on crime? What were the characteristics of the new youth culture? How did celebrities and new forms of popular entertainment help create a mass culture? What did the religious movements of the 1920s and the Scopes trial reveal about American society? CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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Prohibition’s impact on crime
The American Nation In the Modern Era 4/15/2017 Section 2: Life in the Twenties Prohibition’s impact on crime Prohibition of alcohol increased crime by creating an illegal market that manifested in speakeasies, bootlegging, and people making their own liquor. CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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Prohibition 1920-1933 18th amendment -prohibits 21st amendment repeals
Some Key terms Speakeasies - place where liquor was sold illegally
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A wide variety of home made and in many cases dangerous liquors appeared.
Bootlegging
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Take a look Monkey Rum Made from molasses Goat Whiskey Indiana
Jack Brandy Made in Virginia, made of peaches and caused fingernails to bleed Monkey Rum Made from molasses Goat Whiskey Indiana Rye Sap Whiskey Midwest Soda Pop Moon Philadelphia YackYack Bourbon Made from iodine and burnt sugar
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A fellow named Henry S. rented a saloon where he
could sell soda pop and malt over the bar. If a customer asked for beer, Henry would take a shot of moonshine, pour it into the malt, hit the bottle with a rubber mallet and the moonshine and malt would mix to make beer. This bottle of moonshine was kept on a trap door behind the bar. A string was attached to the door which could be pulled from any place behind the bar. If any federals, or suspicious looking persons came in, Henry could pull the string, the trap door would open, the bottle would fall down onto a pile of rocks in the cellar and the evidence was gone.
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Characteristics of the youth culture
The American Nation In the Modern Era 4/15/2017 Section 2: Life in the Twenties Characteristics of the youth culture The “new woman” sought social and economic independence. College enrollment tripled. New fashions were worn. New leisure activities such as dance marathons and flagpole sitting became popular. CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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Creation of a mass culture
The American Nation In the Modern Era 4/15/2017 Section 2: Life in the Twenties Creation of a mass culture Radio, books, and magazines allowed people to share ideas, information, and entertainment. Movies and sports gave common cultural experiences. Celebrities and heroes allowed people to share common acquaintances. CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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The American Nation In the Modern Era
4/15/2017 CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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The American Nation In the Modern Era
4/15/2017 Section 2: Life in the Twenties American society Americans had different opinions about social change. There was a deep division between traditional religious values and new values based on scientific thought. There were different values about what was appropriate in movies and radio. CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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Women Flappers - named for women of the 20’s adopting new styles including the “bob” hair style, smoking cigs and drinking and wearing the shorter skirt The skirt change was understandable why?
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Women The long dress collected too much street dirt WW1 used a lot
of fabric for war creating a shortage
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flappers
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Education 1914 ½ million HS STUDENTS 1926 4 MILLION Why?
There were better jobs to be gained by education in the industries Taxes helped pay for schools
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In the News Lindberg 33 ½ hours from NY to Paris 25 years old
Spirit of St. Louis Left Long Island and landed at an airfield in France with 50,000 people waiting for him Reason for flying: $25,000 prize since 1919
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Famous Photo
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The flight 451 gallons of fuel
Bad weather –made him consider turning back over New Foundland –sleet and hard rain used a periscope to see where he was going Took 34 hours d
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The flight Only real danger was at night
Key instrument was earth indicator compass- based on earth’s magnetic field to airplanes magnetic field 1st time he passed up the airfield Became known as Lucky Lindy
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Babe Ruth 1921-1932- 7 world series
1923 –built new stadium – House that Ruth built 1948 set up foundation to help under privileged kids
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Sports Black Sox scandal of 1919 The Babe brought people back to the ball park after this scandal kept them away Eight players were accused of fixing the world series and throwing the series A jury found them innocent but Commissioner Landis banned the 8 players anyway
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Shoeless Joe Jackson
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Helped popularize football in the Midwest at Western Illinois
Red Grange Helped popularize football in the Midwest at Western Illinois
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Knute Rockne Legendary Irish football coach for Notre Dame college in Indiana
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4 horsemen of Notre Dame
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Jack Dempsey vs Gene Tunney
Dempsey was the Manassa Mauler 2 great fights both won by Tunney – eventually led to 1 million dollar purses
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A then-record crowd of 120,757, which paid a then-record live gate of $1.8 million, packed Sesquicentennial Stadium on Sep. 23, 1926 and braved a driving rainstorm to watch the biggest and most anticipated sporting event in history.
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Bobby Jones Only golfer to wins golf’s grand slam in the same year
He was an amateur –he was independently wealthy
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Man O War Triple crown champion
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Entertainment and Writers
Charlie Chaplin Al Jolson – starred in Jazz Singer – the first movie with sound was in 1927 Writers wrote against materialism F Scott Fitzgerald
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Women -1920’s- Suffrage Women’s contribution of WW 1 led to the 19th amendment and voting rights in 1920. Alice Paul and Lucy Burns formed the National Woman's party and held parades and marches The amendment was named the Anthony amendment after Susan B Anthony
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The American Nation In the Modern Era
SECTION 2 4/15/2017 Life in the Twenties movies SHARED CULTURAL EXPERIENCES radio sports books and magazines celebrities and heroes CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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The American Nation In the Modern Era
4/15/2017 Section 3: A Creative Era Objectives: How did jazz and blues become popular nationwide? What impact did the Harlem Renaissance have on American society? How did writers of the Lost Generation portray American life? What were some of the major inspirations behind new movements in the visual arts and architecture? CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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The popularity of jazz and blues
The American Nation In the Modern Era 4/15/2017 Section 3: A Creative Era The popularity of jazz and blues originated in the South spread nationwide as musicians moved north began to be played by white musicians also popularized in jazz clubs and by big bands CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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Impact of the Harlem Renaissance
The American Nation In the Modern Era 4/15/2017 Section 3: A Creative Era Impact of the Harlem Renaissance source of pride for African Americans new respect for black theater celebration of ethnic identity exposure of African American struggles CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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Black Renaissance Fueled by: Population shift from South to North
a] Henry Ford opens the assembly line to Black workers in 1914 b] boll weevil destroys cotton fields in 1914
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Harlem Renaissance Center for the nations black intellectuals including cultural, music, literature, dance, drama and painting
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Louis Armstrong Trumpeter that helped along with King Oliver bring about jazz Traveled North of the Mason Dixon Line Along with Duke Ellington(Harlem 1923) helped create the Jazz sound
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Josephine Baker Lived in Paris as a singer and dancer
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During World War I The Chicago Defender started an aggressive (and successful) campaign in support of "The Great Migration" movement. This movement resulted in over 1,500,000 southern blacks migrating to the North between The Defender spoke of the difficulties in the South and praised life in the North. Job listings and train schedules were posted to facilitate the relocation. The Defender's support of the movement caused southern readers to migrate to the North in record numbers. At least 110,000 came to Chicago alone between Founder Robert Abbott
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Racial Tensions Chicago Riots
1919 – a 17 yr. Old black swimmer crossed from the Lake Michigan black beach to the white beach while swimming White bathers threw rocks at him until he drowned That led to riots which killed 23 blacks, 15whites and injured 520
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W.E.B. Dubois Booker T Washington Militant black leader who wanted to strive for higher education goals and equality immediately . Helped found the NAACP. At this time, blacks had little role in either Political party Founded the Tuskegee Institute to gain skills for African Americans to gain trades and an economic freedom first before pressing for political gains
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Marcus Garvey Started the UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association) from his native Jamaica and he enrolled ½ million Americans Started the Back to Africa Movement Started the Black is beautiful theme
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James Weldon Johnson African American – a lawyer
Introduced anti lynching law to Congress because between there were 3,224 lynching without a trial Ida Wells Barnett helped establish an anti lynching league
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Life as portrayed by the Lost Generation writers
The American Nation In the Modern Era 4/15/2017 Section 3: A Creative Era Life as portrayed by the Lost Generation writers War was devastating and useless. College life was superficial. Pursuit of wealth and status led to emptiness. Middle-class life was empty and required conformity. CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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Inspirations for the visual arts and architecture
The American Nation In the Modern Era 4/15/2017 Section 3: A Creative Era Inspirations for the visual arts and architecture urban and industrial settings nobility of workers tyranny of the wealthy Sullivan’s ideas about form and function Frank Lloyd Wright’s “prairie style” CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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The American Nation In the Modern Era
SECTION 3 4/15/2017 A Creative Era PORTRAYAL OF AMERICAN LIFE BY LOST GENERATION WRITERS Ernest Hemingway F. Scott Fitzgerald Sinclair Lewis showed the devastation and uselessness of war revealed superficiality of college life and the emptiness associated with the pursuit of status and wealth discussed the emptiness and conformity of middle-class life CHAPTER 14--THE JAZZ AGE
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