2. Sudan Project

3. Causes of Darfur Problems Problem arose when Black-African citizens felt neglected by Sudan government. They took up arms under two rebel groups; known as the Justice Equality Movement (JEM) and the Allied Sudan Liberation Movement (ASLM) Reason Black-African citizens felt neglected is Sudan government did not help to end poverty in region There has been a conflict between Black-African tribesmen and Arab tribesmen over land and resources in Western Sudan for decades

4. Causes continued Sudan government reacted by supposedly arming Arab tribesmen know as the Janaweed to attack Black-African villages. These problem arose around 20 months ago to this date

5. Map of Darfur

6. Refugees fleeing to neighboring countries Most have fled to neighboring country Chad. Approximately 100,000. Other refugees enter camps in Libya

7. Conditions in Refugee Camps Most in camps speak of horrible atrocities including rape and beatings by the Janaweed. Conditions pretty bad, but many enjoy the camps saying at least they can feel safe.

8. Brief Timeline of Problem March- fighting breaks out in Darfur region between Government and the two rebel groups the SLA and the JEM. By September over 65,000 Black Africans have arrived in neighboring country of Chad. December 9 th Un Secretary General expresses alarm over human rights violation

9. Timeline Continued Late March peace talks begin between rebels and Government April 8 th - Sudan reaches ceasefire with one of the rebel groups the SLS July 30 th Un security council adopts resolution demanding Sudan disarm pro government militias or face consequences Currently a stalemate occurring no real peace deal has been made. Often there are ceasefire violations.

10. Kofi Annan (1938-?) Key to success

11. International Reaction 2 UN Security Council Resolutions have been passed demanding Sudan stop atrocities Many respected individuals have talked harshly about problem including UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, Secretary of state Colin Powell and even the U.S. Senate who have called the problem genocide.

12. UN Security Council

13. International Presence inside Darfur Currently hundred( soon to be thousands) of AU monitors and observers making sure ceasefire is not broken Many Peace talks have occurred in surrounding countries including talks currently in Nairobi, Nigeria.

14. AU Peacekeepers

15. President al-Bashir (1944-?) Leader of Sudan Government Former Islamic Rebel Often at Odds with International Community Will need his support in order to achieve peace

16. Possible Solutions The UN security council’s pressure will force the Sudan government into accepting a peace proposal. United Nations sends peace keepers to Sudan to protect the Darfur region from attacks The Sudan government destroys the rebel groups The Sudan government disarms the Janaweed

17. Solutions/Success Un security council pressure seems to be bringing both sides to the peace table but no real concrete results have occurred Members of Un Security Council Have different views on how to solve problems. Russia/ China believe threatening makes situation worse. Oil involved in that situation African Union troops have been unsuccessful in preventing and monitoring attacks because of lack of funds and man power. This will be increasing shortly.

18. Latest News Apparently a peace deal was made on November 9 th as the government of Sudan gave into international pressure and made agreements with the Darfur rebels. The agreement calls for the dismantlement of the Janaweed and intelligence well be shared between each side to locate rogue members.

19. Bibliography Security Council Affairs Division, UN security resolution, November 8, 2004 (http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/ ) Sudan Darfur project, September 25, 2004, BBC, London November 8, 2004 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/world/middle_east/827425.stm Sudan News. November 10 th, 2994, Reuters, New York November 10, 2004 http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&cid=574&ncid=721&e=9&u=/nm /20041110/wl_nm/sudan_talks_dc - Knowledge from both Colin and Ryan!

20. The End