1. Zainul Abideen and Politics of the Time By A.S. Hashim. MD

2. In this slide show: Discussed in this Slide Show: Zainul Abideen arriving at Medina Yazid’s Atrocities Plan of Zainul Abideen Revolt in Medina Zainul Abideen helps Marwan Ibn Zubair's Revolt Contemporary to 7 Khalifas Marwan then Abdul Malik as the Khalifas Al ‑ Tawwaboon, Revolt In Iraq Al ‑ Mukhtar, Revolt In Iraq Abdul Malik and Ibn Zubair Al ‑ Hajjaj Terrorizes Muslim empire before Benu Umayya Rule Expansion during Benu Umayya Rule

3. (Sermon 239, p 357) Imam Ali refers to Ahlul Bayt by saying: هُمْ عَيْشُ الْعِلْمِ، وَمَوْتُ الْجَهْلِ، يُخْبِرُكُمْ حِلْمُهُمْ عَنْ عِلْمِهِمْ، وَصَمْتُهُمْ عَنْ حِكَمِ مَنْطِقِهِمْ، لاَ يُخَالِفُونَ الْحَقَّ وَلاَ يَخْتَلِفُونَ فِيهِ، هُمْ دَعَائِمُ الاِْسْلاَمِ، وَوَلاَئِجُ الاْعْتِصَامِ، بِهِمْ عَادَ الْحَقُّ فِي نِصَابِهِ، وَانْزَاحَ الْبَاطِلُ عَنْ مُقَامِهِ، وَانْقَطَعَ لِسَانُهُ عَنْ مَنْبِتِهِ ، عَقَلُوا الدِّينَ عَقْلَ وِعَايَة وَرِعَايَة لاَ عَقْلَ سَمَاع وَرِوَايَة، فَإِنَّ رُوَاةَ الْعِلْمِ كَثِيرٌ، وَرُعَاتَهُ قَلِيلٌ.

4. Ali Refers to Ahlul Bayt: They [Ahlul Bayt] are the life for [Divine] knowledge and the death keel to ignorance. Their forbearance tells you of their knowledge, and their behavior about their integrity Their silence tells you of their wisdom….. Ahlul Bayt understood the correct spirit of Islam, attentively and painstakingly. They carried Islam's precepts into practice. And all this was not by heresy or from narrators. Lo! The narrators of knowledge are many but those who truly understand it are only few.

5. Zainul Abideen arriving at Medina The people of Medina heard the devastating news of the events of Karbala as related by: Imam Zainul Abideen, his aunt Zainab, and others who broke the news to the loved ones. and others who broke the news to the loved ones. The family was devastated, women cried in grief, and out of anguish, Zainul Abideen's uncle fainted, the news was too much for him to bear. The heart wrenching news of Karbala spread fast to friends and relatives, and all of Medina went into mourning. The heart wrenching news of Karbala spread fast to friends and relatives, and all of Medina went into mourning. They felt very guilty that Al ‑ Husain, the beloved by Muhammad, had his flesh torn by the swords, and the severance of his head from his body.

6. Medina’s Reaction to Karbala news The people of Medina were in shock, speechless and feeling very guilty. The people of Medina were in shock, speechless and feeling very guilty. This simmering feeling grew for some time, then it boiled into an outbreak of revolt. This simmering feeling grew for some time, then it boiled into an outbreak of revolt. The people of Medina agonized that such a thing could ever happen. The people of Medina agonized that such a thing could ever happen. Their complacency gave way to guilt and this focused their energy on an intense desire: to revolt and To get rid of Yazid of Benu Umayya, the despised ruler.

7. Zainul Abideen Goes Into Seclusion Initially Zainul Abideen wanted seclusion, away from the people. Initially Zainul Abideen wanted seclusion, away from the people. Seclusion was a form of solace for him, and a time to collect his thoughts. For one year in seclusion he would see no more than 3-5 people, no more than you could count on your fingers. (Seerah of the twelve Imams, H.M. Al-Hassani, Vol. 2, Imam Zainul Abideen. Also Al-Sajjad, by Husain Baaqir, Page 40, quoting Al-Kash'shi.) For one year in seclusion he would see no more than 3-5 people, no more than you could count on your fingers. (Seerah of the twelve Imams, H.M. Al-Hassani, Vol. 2, Imam Zainul Abideen. Also Al-Sajjad, by Husain Baaqir, Page 40, quoting Al-Kash'shi.) He communicated with these people on religious matters and points of social importance, but not beyond that. He communicated with these people on religious matters and points of social importance, but not beyond that. Zainul Abideen's aunt, Zainab, not only tended to him but was the principal means to take his answers to the many questions people asked in religious matters. Zainul Abideen's aunt, Zainab, not only tended to him but was the principal means to take his answers to the many questions people asked in religious matters.

8. Plan of Zainul Abideen But Imam Zainul Abideen wouldn't spend his time idly, for he put the blueprint and design for a plan to: outsmart his adversaries, work in an imperceptible manner as not to raise suspicion, focus on Karbala and its consequences, and gradually begin to educate people into the genuine Islam and build a base of Piety ‑ minded community, And to build a base of scholars to spread the teachings of Islam to the rest of the Ummah, At the same time undo the inroads of pre ‑ Islamic practices that Benu Umayya's government was reviving. And to preserve the Islamic Directives from subtle distortions by Benu Umayya.

9. For his strategy and planning Zainul Abideen's strategy proved extremely successful. The execution of his plan took the better part of his lifetime. Zainul Abideen worked: a) diligently, b) methodically, c) imperceptibly, and d) with uncanny determination. The result was that we all owe him much of our understanding of Islam as we know it now. We are indebted to him and his courageous and dauntless efforts. We are indebted to him and his courageous and dauntless efforts.

10. Revolt in Medina The agony of pain felt for Al ‑ Husain, coupled with the anger at the atrocities at Karbala were too much to take. The agony of pain felt for Al ‑ Husain, coupled with the anger at the atrocities at Karbala were too much to take. There was an outcry to rise against Yazid and his government. There was an outcry to rise against Yazid and his government. The government, they felt, was corrupt if not rotten. Being the seat of learning, with numerous Sahaaba still living, Medina was buzzing with activity. Being the seat of learning, with numerous Sahaaba still living, Medina was buzzing with activity. Now the outcry was for everyone to withdraw his allegiance to Yazid. Now the outcry was for everyone to withdraw his allegiance to Yazid. Then dismissing the governor of Medina. Then dismissing the governor of Medina. Then looking for any of Benu Umayya, probably intending to punish them. Then looking for any of Benu Umayya, probably intending to punish them. This culminated in the revolt against Yazid.

11. Marwan, as governor is on the Run Marwan was a prominent member of Benu Umayya: He was the Secretary of State but the source of much trouble during the time of Khalifa Uthman, Marwan fought against Imam Ali during Jamal Confrontation, He killed Talha (who was also fighting against Ali), and before Karbala, Marwan suggested to the Governor of Medina to arrest and kill Imam Al ‑ Husain. Marwan was a source of much trouble to the Muslim Ummah, particularly to Ahlul Bayt! Marwan was a source of much trouble to the Muslim Ummah, particularly to Ahlul Bayt! Marwan was a foe to Zainul Abideen, yet Zainul Abideen was a friend even to his adversaries as we shall see!

12. Zainul Abideen helps Marwan Now that Marwan and other members of Benu Umayya were being chased by people of Medina, Marwan wanted to leave Medina to a safer place. But it was almost impossible to take with him his family and others of Benu Umayya for they were about 400 in number. Marwan wanted to leave them in custody in Medina, but not a single one in Medina accepted the responsibility. About 400 individuals were at stake, mostly women and children, they needed sustenance, safety, and protection. In desperation, when Marwan was refused help by the notables of Medina, he proceeded to Imam Zainul Abideen.

13. Zainul Abideen in Custody of Benu Umayya Zainul Abideen welcomed Marwan wholeheartedly even though Marwan has been his foe. Zainul Abideen welcomed them as his valued guests, Zainul Abideen welcomed them as his valued guests, [all 400] were fed, had the facilities at their disposal, were made to feel at home, for as long as several weeks, probably months until matters of Medina were settled. Their treatment was so kind and benevolent that some of them said they felt better in Zainul Abideen's quarters that in their own homes! (Rabi' Al-Abraar, Zamakh'shari.)

14. The Revolt of Medina The uprising of Medina culminated in a ferocious battle outside the town. The uprising of Medina culminated in a ferocious battle outside the town. The forces of Yazid were professional fighters, far superior to the forces of Medina. The forces of Yazid were professional fighters, far superior to the forces of Medina. The Medina forces were no match, and they were defeated, leaving a good many dead or wounded. Having won the battle, Yazid's army played havoc in Medina—mind you this is the Prophet's city, and the place of growth of Islam, Yazid's fighters were given freedom to do anything they pleased in Medina for 3 whole days. So: Property was pilfered, numerous ordinary citizens killed in cold blood, and women assaulted! People were forced to pledge to Yazid as subjects or be killed.

15. As a Result of the Revolt The casualty of the battle was: More than 1,750 Companions of the Prophet (Sahaaba) lost their lives, many of whom highly learned men. More than 1,750 Companions of the Prophet (Sahaaba) lost their lives, many of whom highly learned men. This is beside an estimated 5,000 ordinary people killed! (Taareekh Al-Islam, Vol. 1, Page 36. Also Taareekh Al-Kamil Vol. 4, Page 49.Also Seerah of the Imams, H.M. Al-Hassani, Vol. 2, Page 133.) This is beside an estimated 5,000 ordinary people killed! (Taareekh Al-Islam, Vol. 1, Page 36. Also Taareekh Al-Kamil Vol. 4, Page 49.Also Seerah of the Imams, H.M. Al-Hassani, Vol. 2, Page 133.) In addition, a number from Abu Talib's and Benu Hashim's family were killed As well as better than 90 prominent men from Quraish and Ansaars. As well as better than 90 prominent men from Quraish and Ansaars.

16. Ibn Zubair's Revolt Ibn Zubair was the grandson of Khalifa Abu Bakr; his mother was Asmaa', the daughter of Abu Bakr, and his father was Zubair, a notable Companion. Ibn Zubair was not much of a sympathizer of Ahlul Bayt. Ibn Zubair coveted the Khilaafah. Ibn Zubair coveted the Khilaafah. He was a power ‑ hungry man, cruel at times, but well known to the people of Medina, Hijaz and other areas. He was a power ‑ hungry man, cruel at times, but well known to the people of Medina, Hijaz and other areas. Ibn Zubair was of a mercurial nature, an opportunist, and very stingy. Ibn Zubair was of a mercurial nature, an opportunist, and very stingy. People knew that. Ibn Zubair was agitating in Medina, but when he failed, he escaped to Mecca, gaining their loyalty, then declaring that the Khilaafah is his, challenging Yazid. he escaped to Mecca, gaining their loyalty, then declaring that the Khilaafah is his, challenging Yazid. As a result, Yazid's army (which had just ransacked Medina) went to meet him in battle in Mecca.

17. YAZID DIES Yazid was imposed on the Ummah by his father Mu'awiya, though Islam is against rule-by-inheritance. Yazid was a wicked man, a pervert. not fit for Khilaafah. Within 3 years of his rule, Yazid managed the unparalleled atrocities at Karbala, the desecration of Medina and its blood bath, and his army was attacking Ibn Zubair's forces in Mecca at the time of his death. Yazid's forces had many confrontations with Ibn Zubair's forces, they even threw rocks by catapult at the Ka'ba, and burned the Ka'ba's cover! It was at this time that the news of Yazid's death reached Medina. Having heard that Yazid had died, his army left for Damascus. Yazid was Khalifa at the age of 30 years and died 3 years later. Some say he was a little older when he became Khalifa.

18. Yazid’s Atrocities 1. Karbala 2. Medina 3. Mecca

19. Zainul Abideen Contemporary Khulafaa During his Lifetime, Zainul Abideen was contemporary to the Following Rulers of Benu Umayya: 3 of Benu Sufyan and 4 of Benu Marwan Benu Sufyan: 1.Mu'awiya son of Abu Sufyan 2.Yazid son of Mu'awiya 3.Mu'awiya son of Yazid Benu Marwan: 1.Marwan son of Al ‑ Hakam 2.Abdul Malik son of Marwan 3.Waleed son of Abdul Malik 4.Suleiman son of Abdul Malik

20. Contemporary to Khalifas Zainul Abideen being contemporary to 7 of Benu Umayya Khalifas: 3 of Benu Sufyan and 4 of Benu Marwan Al-Waleed Suleiman Marwan Yazid Abdul Malik Mu’awiya Mu’awiya

21. Marwan the Khalifa After Yazid's death there came a time when the Khilaafah was for grabs. After Yazid's death there came a time when the Khilaafah was for grabs. The son of Yazid (Mu’awiya II) abdicated after 4 months as Khalifa: acknowledging in a Friday Khutba that Khilaafah did not belong to him, to his father (Yazid), or to his grandfather (Mu'awiya). acknowledging in a Friday Khutba that Khilaafah did not belong to him, to his father (Yazid), or to his grandfather (Mu'awiya). After abdicating he was poisoned by members of Benu Umayya (his family). By use of force, aligning with some tribes, Marwan became a Khalifa. By use of force, aligning with some tribes, Marwan became a Khalifa. But only 9 months later, Marwan's wife chocked him to death by putting a pillow on his face and sitting on it. He was 63 years old. At this time, Ibn Zubair's rule was all over Arabia, Yemen, and south of Syria. At this time, Ibn Zubair's rule was all over Arabia, Yemen, and south of Syria. Also at this time there was a revolt in Iraq against Benu Umayya's rule, to take revenge for Imam Al ‑ Husain.

22. Abdul Malik the Khalifa Once Marwan was killed, his son Abdul Malik was proclaimed the ruler or Khalifa. Once Marwan was killed, his son Abdul Malik was proclaimed the ruler or Khalifa. Abdul Malik was a shrewd but capable administrator, a tough person taken to violence, and believing in harsh firmness. and believing in harsh firmness. Abdul Malik’s domain by this time was only Syria, the rest of the Islamic territories were in the hands of others. (Murooj Al-Dhahab, by Al-Mas'oodi, Vol 3.)

23. Abdul Malik the Khalifa Abdul Malik maintained central authority over the many Arab landlords. Abdul Malik Arabizes: Abdul Malik decreed the Arabic language on the administration as mandatory to replace Greek, Aramaic, and Persian languages that were used till his time. And Tax ‑ books and books of administration henceforth were in Arabic. All officials were made to learn and deal through Arabic language, to replace other languages which dominated before then by indigenous administrative tradition. (The Venture of Islam, Marshall Hodgson, Vol. 1, Page 246.)

24. Abdul Malik son of Marwan Abdul Malik enlarged the Prophet's mosque, but had to tear down some of the historic buildings. Abdul Malik tried to show affinity to the growing piety ‑ minded people (spearheaded by Zainul Abideen) in Medina to gain their support Abdul Malik builds the Dome of the Rock: Dome of the Rock took 7 years to build. It cost all the funds from Egypt (taxation) collected over a period of 7 years. Builders, engineers, artisans, and artists from all over were employed.

25. Abdul Malik Appoints Al-Hajjaj Al-Hajjaj bloodily clashed with Ibn Zubair in Mecca and wrecked the Ka'ba, He killed Ibn Zubair who was the grandson of Khalifa Abu Bakr. When as governor, Al ‑ Hajjaj showed terrifying violence in Iraq, leading to a lot of bloodshed, killed numerous innocent people, especially the loyalist to Ahlul Bayt. killed numerous innocent people, especially the loyalist to Ahlul Bayt. Al ‑ Hajjaj had a lust for bloodshed. Al ‑ Hajjaj ruled over the eastern part of the Islamic nation, using ruthless means at his disposal to wield obedience to the central authority of Abdul Malik. Al ‑ Hajjaj put down Khariji revolts. Al ‑ Hajjaj built Wasit and could use only Syrian troops since he could not rely on Iraqis, the Iraqis hated him profoundly. Al ‑ Hajjaj improved the irrigation canals in Iraq, thus improving thereby the agricultural yield. And he increased revenue to the treasury.

26. Al ‑ Tawwaboon, Revolt In Iraq Karbala shook the Islamic world very deeply. Karbala shook the Islamic world very deeply. People in Iraq felt extremely guilty. People in Iraq felt extremely guilty. That they had betrayed Al ‑ Husain in the ugliest manner. That they had betrayed Al ‑ Husain in the ugliest manner. And to correct their error they wanted to fight back. And to correct their error they wanted to fight back. The confrontation took about 4 years after Karbala. The confrontation took about 4 years after Karbala. They were called Al ‑ Tawwaboon, meaning the Repenters. Vowing to fight unto death, Al ‑ Tawwaboon marched toward a Syrian force headed by Ibn Ziyad, the killer of Al ‑ Husain. Vowing to fight unto death, Al ‑ Tawwaboon marched toward a Syrian force headed by Ibn Ziyad, the killer of Al ‑ Husain. Ibn Ziyad was near defeat when Syrian reinforcements poured in at a steady stream. Ibn Ziyad was near defeat when Syrian reinforcements poured in at a steady stream. Being so outnumbered, the Tawwaboon continued to fight until almost everyone was killed It is said that as many as 16,000 lost their life.

27. Al‑Mukhtar, Revolt In Iraq Not too long after the Tawwaboon's uprising a leader in Kufa agitated to avenge the blood of Imam Al ‑ Husain. The man’s name was Al ‑ Mukhtar. The man’s name was Al ‑ Mukhtar. A good many people responded to his call. A good many people responded to his call. Al ‑ Mukhtar took advantage of the disintegration in Benu Umayya's power at the time The disintegration took place after Yazid had died. Al ‑ Mukhtar had connections with Muhammad Ibn Hanafiyah Muhammad Ibn Hanafiyah was the uncle of Zainul Abideen and a highly respected man. Muhammad Ibn Hanafiyah was the uncle of Zainul Abideen and a highly respected man. In the beginning Al ‑ Mukhtar succeeded in his quest and in a short time all of Iraq came under his rule. and in a short time all of Iraq came under his rule.

28. Al ‑ Mukhtar's Revenge Al ‑ Mukhtar was now reigning all over Iraq and conditions seemed to be in his favor. He scrutinized Kufa and vicinity hunting for everyone who had fought Imam Al ‑ Husain and participated against him in Karbala. Shimr, the killer of Imam Al ‑ Husain, Omar Ibn Sa'ad, the leader of the forces against Imam Al ‑ Husain, and numerous others were all arrested. They were all executed though not in the cruel manner in which they had killed Imam Al ‑ Husain. It is said, most, if not all, of those who fought Imam Al ‑ Husain were killed, only a matter of a few years after the events of Karbala.

29. Al ‑ Mukhtar, Revolt In Iraq About a year or so later Al ‑ Mukhtar had to face a large force heading toward him, coming from Syria. About a year or so later Al ‑ Mukhtar had to face a large force heading toward him, coming from Syria. The force was sent by Abdul Malik Ibn Marwan the new Khalifa. The force was sent by Abdul Malik Ibn Marwan the new Khalifa. Abdul Malik sent a force consisting of 80,000 strong, with the best generals, The force was under the leadership of Ibn Ziyad, the killer of Imam Al ‑ Husain in Karbala. A fierce battle took place with many casualties, especially to the Syrians. A fierce battle took place with many casualties, especially to the Syrians. Ibn Ziyad, their leader, and many generals were killed, and after that their army surrendered.

30. The End of Al-Mukhtar Some time later there was intrigue behind the back of Al ‑ Mukhtar. Some time later there was intrigue behind the back of Al ‑ Mukhtar. Through the combination of the forces of Ibn Zubair, under the leadership of his brother, along with some local people who were not sympathetic to Al ‑ Mukhtar, a revolt against Al ‑ Mukhtar was staged in which he was killed. a revolt against Al ‑ Mukhtar was staged in which he was killed. As a result Iraq came under the sovereignty of Ibn Zubair whose rule by then extended: Over all of Arabia, Yemen,Iraq, and the southern part of Syria. Benu Umayya's domain consisted only of Syria proper.

31. Abdul Malik and Ibn Zubair With Al ‑ Mukhtar gone, Abdul Malik, who was on the throne in Syria, had only one foe left, Ibn Zubair. Ibn Zubair's headquarter was in Mecca, his domain was quite extensive, and he had been claiming the Khilaafah with the majority of people behind him. Imam Zainul Abideen and Benu Hashim, however, refused to give Al- Zubair allegiance for they knew his questionable character, greed, and his personal ambitions. Ibn Zubair was not much of a sympathizer of Ahlul Bayt. Not only that, but Ahlul Bayt knew that from Shari'ah point of view the Khilaafah belonged to them and not to anyone else.

32. The Ka’ba, Ibn Zubair, and Al-Hajjaj To subdue Ibn Zubair, Abdul Malik sent a large force under Al ‑ Hajjaj Al ‑ Thaqafi's leadership. A ferocious battle took place in Mecca, Ibn Zubair was cornered in the Ka’ba area Al ‑ Hajjaj ransacked the area and the sacred Ka'ba was damaged by the large stones hurled by catapult! Ibn Zubair's forces were no match, and his forces disintegrated. It is said that was because he was stingy (not paying or feeding his fighters enough), They left him rather than risk their lives for such a stingy man! Ibn Zubair was finally killed with only few loyalists fighting by his side.

33. Al ‑ Hajjaj Terrorizes After Al ‑ Hajjaj had defeated Ibn Zubair in Mecca, he was dispatched to Iraq. Economically Iraq was the breadbasket of the Middle East because of the revenue it generated. Economically Iraq was the breadbasket of the Middle East because of the revenue it generated. Al ‑ Hajjaj was promised the Governorship of Iraq and beyond if he succeeded in subduing the rebellious Iraqis. Al ‑ Hajjaj was promised the Governorship of Iraq and beyond if he succeeded in subduing the rebellious Iraqis. With that in mind, Al ‑ Hajjaj began a campaign of terror, People were alarmed, in fear, horror, and dread. People were alarmed, in fear, horror, and dread. Devastation if not liquidation of so many people and families took place. Devastation if not liquidation of so many people and families took place. Mind you, in many cases this was because people showed dissatisfaction with the situation! Mind you, in many cases this was because people showed dissatisfaction with the situation!

34. Al ‑ Hajjaj Terrorizes Al ‑ Hajjaj was a sworn enemy to any sympathizer to Ahlul Bayt, and he killed even Companions of the Prophet because of that! and he killed even Companions of the Prophet because of that! Such sympathizers were targeted as potential enemies of the State. It is said that as many as 50,000 (others say 250,000) people perished at his hands. It is said that as many as 50,000 (others say 250,000) people perished at his hands. Al ‑ Hajjaj even put men and women in tiny cells of prison, so tiny they had to stand side by side like a bundle; and in the heat of summer —in horrifying conditions Al-Hajjaj ordered to pour hot ashes on their heads, to let them die! For such was his brutality and vindictiveness. Estimates vary from 50,000 to 250,000 people perished at his hands.

35. AL ‑ HAJJAJ Because the people could not stand such ruthlessness A number of revolts took place in Iraq, But Al ‑ Hajjaj was able to subdue them. But Al ‑ Hajjaj was able to subdue them. By such use of force, under such tyrannical conditions, the country was subdued into submission after about 6 years. By such use of force, under such tyrannical conditions, the country was subdued into submission after about 6 years. Al ‑ Hajjaj was so hated and the conditions were such bad, that afterwards he had to build a new town (Wasit) to make it the capital of the province. Al ‑ Hajjaj was so hated and the conditions were such bad, that afterwards he had to build a new town (Wasit) to make it the capital of the province. He had to utilize only loyal Syrian Arabs to form the bulk of his forces. He had to utilize only loyal Syrian Arabs to form the bulk of his forces. No Iraqi ever wanted to be on his side, Neither did he trust any of them.

36. AL ‑ HAJJAJ During his governorship, Al ‑ Hajjaj managed to kill such Sahaaba as: Ibn Jubair, and Aamir Abu Tufail (was the last of the Sahaaba left), and Even the aged Qanbar, the dedicated servant of Imam Ali, Al-Hajjaj murdered them because they refused to curse or damn Imam Ali! Al-Hajjaj murdered them because they refused to curse or damn Imam Ali! Zainul Abideen remained detached from politics, and passed through this horrible conditions in the Islamic history with agonizing pain. Zainul Abideen remained detached from politics, and passed through this horrible conditions in the Islamic history with agonizing pain. He continued to educate and teach Islam during this arduous period which lasted about 20 years. He continued to educate and teach Islam during this arduous period which lasted about 20 years. Finally the tyrant Al ‑ Hajjaj died of what seems to be an intestinal disease at the age of 54! Finally the tyrant Al ‑ Hajjaj died of what seems to be an intestinal disease at the age of 54! He died almost in the same year Zainul Abideen died.

37. Muslim empire before Benu Umayya Rule Muslim empire before Benu Umayya Rule, 656.

38. Expansion during Benu Umayya Rule Mediterranean Spain Transoxania Sind Area Muslim empire During Benu Umayya Rule

39. Expansion during Benu Umayya Khilaafah Spain Transoxania Sind area Mediterranean

40. The three phases of Islam Islam 1. Muhammad 2. Ali, Hasan & Husain 3. Rest of Imams ISLAM

41. Picture of Al-Baqii 1925 Al-Baqii after it was destroyed Al-Baqii before 1925

42. In Conclusion Zainul Abideen and the times of Benu Umayya rulers 1.Yazid’s Atrocities 2.Revolt in Medina 3.Zainul Abideen helps Marwan 4.Ibn Zubair's Revolt 5.Marwan then Abdul Malik as the Khalifas 6.Al ‑ Tawwaboon, Revolt In Iraq 7.Al ‑ Mukhtar, Revolt In Iraq 8.Abdul Malik and Ibn Zubair 9.Al ‑ Hajjaj Terrorizes

43. Be in Allah’s Care Thank you and May God Bless you. Dr. A.S. Hashim