1. The Prophet Muhammad
Chapter 8

2. 8.3 Muhammad’s Early Life Few people noticed Muhammad’s birth
1. Birth, orphan, trader, marriage
Few people noticed Muhammad’s birth
Poor family, became an orphan
Became a trader
At 25, a widow named Khadijah proposed marriage
They had several children, including a daughter named Fatimah

3. What was Muhammad’s occupation?
Herder
Teacher
Farmer
Trader

4. 8.4 The Call to Prophethood
1. Cave, Gabriel, Allah, Qur’an
Spiritual man, often prayed in the mtns.
While praying in a cave, the angel Gabriel appeared to him
For 22 yrs, he listened to messages Gabriel brought from God, whom Arabs call Allah
Muhammad preached faith in one God & the values: compassion, honesty, & justice
Gradually, a small group of followers formed, who called themselves Muslims
His writings were later written down and became the Qur’an

5. How did Muhammad learn that he was to be a prophet?
Saw it in a dream
Told by the angel Gabriel
Allah spoke to him through a burning bush
His uncle told him

6. 8.5 Teaching Meets with Rejection
1. Reject, followers, boycott, Night Journey
He began to preach his message to the Makkans
Most Makkans rejected his teachings, but Muhammad did gain followers
Powerful Makkans ordered a boycott of his clan to make them reject Islam
It lasted for 3 years but Muslims didn’t give up their faith
In 619, he described being taken on a winged horse to visit Jerusalem & the 7 levels of heaven & to meet earlier prophets & God
Called the Night Journey

7. How did most Makkans feel about Muhammad’s preachings?
They eagerly accepted
They didn’t care
They rejected it

8. 8.6 Migration to Medina to the End of Life
1. Madinah, People of the Book, battles, Last Sermon
People in Madinah invited him to live there & promised to protect him
He created a Muslim community in Madinah that respected people of other faiths
Christians & Jews were to be treated w/ respect as “People of the Book”

9. Once in Madinah, Muhammad preached…
tolerance of other religions
that everyone must be convert to Islam
that belief in Allah was not important
that Hinduism and Islam were very similar

10. Christians & Jews were respected and referred to as
Polytheists
People to be feared
People of the Qu’ran
People of the Book

11. 8.6 Migration to Medina to the End of Life
3. Summary:
Christians & Jews were to be treated w/ respect as “People of the Book”
Fighting broke out b/t Makkans & Muslims
After several battles, his army captured Makkah w/o a fight
He destroyed idols at the Ka’ba & dedicated the shrine to Allah
He forgave his enemies, & the war ended
Before his death, he delivered his Last Sermon
He told Muslims to be faithful & to treat each other well

12. Fighting broke out between the Muslims and
Makkans
Jews
People of Medina
Christians

13. Once Muhammad’s army won control of Makkah, he dedicated this place to Allah
Bazaar
Ka’ba
The cave where he used to pray
Madinah

14. 8.7 & 8.8 Four Caliphs & Umayyad Dynasty
Most of Arabia was under Muslim control when he died
After his death, caliphs unified Arabia & expanded across the Middle East and N. Africa
The fourth caliph was his son-in-law, Ali
After Ali’s death, Sunnis & Shi’a split in a dispute over who should be the next caliph
This division continues today.
In 661, the Umayyad dynasty moved the Muslim capital to Damascus
Muslims expanded into India, central Asia, & Europe
A loss at the Battle of Tours in France in 732 ended expansion into Europe, but Muslims kept control of Spain, which became a great center of culture & learning

15. Following his death, Arabia
Became unified
Fell into chaos
Was attacked by the French
Became known as the Far East

16. Muslims split into two major sects, Shi’a and
Sunni
Saudi
Makkans
Syrians

17. Muslims split into Sunni & Shi’a due to a dispute over
Muhammad’s property
Access to the Ka’ba
The official language of the Qu’ran
Who should be the next caliph

18. The Battle of Tours was significant because
It was the first battle of Muslim expansion
It marked the furthest extent of the Muslim empire
Muhammad died in this battle
The Muslims defeated the French

19. This city in Spain was an important center for learning & culture
Madrid
Makkah
Cordova
Barcelona

20. Flow Map Your Life
Four major events in your life

21. Flow Map The Prophet Muhammad
Four major events in the life of Muhammad

22. Flow Map Four major events in the life of Muhammad
Early Life
Prophethood
Rejection
Four major events in the life of Muhammad
Migration to Madinah

23. Processing 9 (Photo Story)
5 Slides. Each slide should have
Appropriate image
1-2 sentence caption explaining an important event in Muhammad’s life
Slide 1 = Title slide
Slides 2-5 = Four phases of Muhammad’s life
6 points / slide = 30 points total
Digital or by hand.
No images on flash drive = no laptop