1. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 1 CITIZENSHIP AND THE CONSTITUTION (1787–Present) Section 1:Understanding the Constitution Section 2:The Bill of Rights Section 3:Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship Chapter 9

2. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 2 OBJECTIVES  How did the framers of the Constitution try to balance state and federal powers?  What are the three branches of the federal government, and what are the requirements for membership in each branch?  How is power divided between the three branches of government? Section 1: Understanding the Constitution

3. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 3 Balance of Power The constitution tried to balance the state and federal government by giving each the following powers: Delegated powers – federal government Delegated powers – federal government Reserved powers – state government Reserved powers – state government Concurrent powers – shared by state and federal government Concurrent powers – shared by state and federal government Section 1: Understanding the Constitution

4. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 4 Three Branches of the Federal Government Legislative Branch Legislative Branch Executive Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch Judicial Branch Section 1: Understanding the Constitution

5. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 5 Requirements for Membership Legislative Branch Legislative Branch House of Representatives – 25 years old, U.S. citizen for 7 years, resident of state in which he or she is elected House of Representatives – 25 years old, U.S. citizen for 7 years, resident of state in which he or she is elected Senate – 30 years old, U.S. citizen for 9 years, resident of the state he or she represents Senate – 30 years old, U.S. citizen for 9 years, resident of the state he or she represents Executive Branch – 35 years old, native born citizen, U.S. resident for 14 years Executive Branch – 35 years old, native born citizen, U.S. resident for 14 years Judicial Branch – appointed by president for life, no special requirements Judicial Branch – appointed by president for life, no special requirements Section 1: Understanding the Constitution

6. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 6 OBJECTIVES  What are the main freedoms outlined within the First Amendment, and why are they important?  How does the Bill of Rights address colonial grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence?  What protections does the Bill of Rights give to people accused of crimes? Section 2: The Bill of Rights

7. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 7 Main Freedoms Outlined in the First Amendment and Their Importance The First Amendment guarantees freedom of religion, press, speech, assembly and the right to petition. The First Amendment guarantees freedom of religion, press, speech, assembly and the right to petition. These rights are important because they form the most basic rights of all citizens. These rights are important because they form the most basic rights of all citizens. Section 2: The Bill of Rights

8. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 8 The Second, Third, and Fourth Amendments address colonial grievances. Second – state militia Second – state militia Third – no quartering of soldiers in peacetime Third – no quartering of soldiers in peacetime Fourth – no unreasonable searches and seizures/search warrants Fourth – no unreasonable searches and seizures/search warrants Section 2: The Bill of Rights

9. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 9 The Rights of the Accused – 5 th, 6 th, 7 th, and 8 th Amendments 5 th Amendment – due process of law, indictment, no person forced to testify at his own trial, no double jeopardy 5 th Amendment – due process of law, indictment, no person forced to testify at his own trial, no double jeopardy 6th Amendment – quick trial by jury, nature and cause accusation, confronted with the witness against him, obtaining witnesses in his favor, right to an attorney 6th Amendment – quick trial by jury, nature and cause accusation, confronted with the witness against him, obtaining witnesses in his favor, right to an attorney Section 2: The Bill of Rights

10. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 10 The Rights of the Accused – 5 th, 6 th, 7 th, and 8 th Amendments 7th Amendment – jury can decide civil cases 7th Amendment – jury can decide civil cases 8th Amendment – no excessive bail, fines, or cruel and unusual punishment 8th Amendment – no excessive bail, fines, or cruel and unusual punishment Section 2: The Bill of Rights (continued)

11. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 11 OBJECTIVES  How can a person become a U.S. citizen?  What are some of the most important responsibilities of citizenship?  Why should citizens be involved with their community and government? Section 3: Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship

12. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 12 Becoming a U.S. Citizen birth birth naturalization naturalization Section 3: Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship

13. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 13 Duties of Citizens fulfill civic responsibilities fulfill civic responsibilities obey and know the laws obey and know the laws respect authority and the rights of others respect authority and the rights of others pay taxes pay taxes protect the nation in time of danger protect the nation in time of danger serve on juries serve on juries Section 3: Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship

14. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 14 Citizen Involvement Citizens should be involved in their community and government to strengthen their nation strengthen their nation help their neighbors help their neighbors Section 3: Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship