1. Adolf Hitler

2. Early Life  April 20, 1889: Hitler is born  Born and raised in Austria  Jan. 3, 1903: Father dies  October 1907: Fails art exam  Told he had an aptitude for architecture  No appreciation of “human form”  Could not attend architectural school because he had dropped out of High School  December 21, 1907: Mother dies of cancer

3. The War  1914-1918: Hitler participates in World War 1  Rank: Corporal  Best friend was killed by a sniper  Temporarily blinded by poison gas  Developed strong hatred for Jews and politicians  "There followed terrible days and even worse nights - I knew that all was lost...in these nights hatred grew in me, hatred for those responsible for this deed."

4. Post War Hitler  1919: Hitler joins the German Workers Party  Known as the DAP (Deutsche Arbeiterpartei)  Small and unorganized  Was a very gifted orator

5. Hitler on the DAP  "This absurd little organization with its few members seemed to me to possess the one advantage that it had not frozen into an 'organization,' but left the individual opportunity for real personal activity. Here it was still possible to work, and the smaller the movement, the more readily it could be put into the proper form. Here, the content, the goal, and the road could still be determined..."

6. The Nazi Party  October 16, 1919: Hitler speaks at a party meeting  Held in a basement beer hall  Invitation published in an anti-Semitic newspaper  Summer 1920: Hitler chooses the swastika for his party’s symbol  Used by other anti-Semitic groups in the past  Red flag  White circle around it  The Nazi Party is formed  National Socialist German Workers' Party  Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP  1920: 3,000 members

7. The Nazi Flag

8. The Swastika  Ancient symbol  Hindu, Buddist, Jainist  Represented good luck  Word from Sanskrit  Svasti  Meant well-being

9. Crash of German Economy  April 1921: Allies demand payment of reparations (33 billion dollars)  Before 1921: 4 marks to the dollar  1921: 75 marks to the dollar  1922: 400 marks to the dollar  Winter 1922: Germany defaults on payment  Jan. 1923: France occupies Ruhr valley in Germany

10. Crash of German Economy  January 1923: 18,000 marks to the dollar  July 1923: 160,000 marks to the dollar  November 1923: 4,000,000,000 marks to the dollar  Set the stage for the growth of the Nazi Party

11. The Beer Hall Putsch  Nov. 1923: Nazi party had 55,000 members  Nov. 8 1923: Hitler kidnapped the leaders of the Bavarian govn’t  Forced to swear allegiance to Hitler  Nazi revolution failed  Hitler arrested and sent to prison

12. Hitler’s Public Trial  "I alone bear the responsibility. But I am not a criminal because of that. If today I stand here as a revolutionary, it is as a revolutionary against the revolution. There is no such thing as high treason against the traitors of 1918."

13. Closing Statements  "The man who is born to be a dictator is not compelled. He wills it. He is not driven forward, but drives himself. There is nothing immodest about this. Is it immodest for a worker to drive himself toward heavy labor? Is it presumptuous of a man with the high forehead of a thinker to ponder through the nights till he gives the world an invention? The man who feels called upon to govern a people has no right to say, 'If you want me or summon me, I will cooperate.' No! It is his duty to step forward. The army which we have now formed is growing day to day. I nourish the proud hope that one day the hour will come when these rough companies will grow to battalions, the battalions to regiments, the regiments to divisions, that the old cockade will be taken from the mud, that the old flags will wave again, that that there will be a reconciliation at the last great divine judgment which we are prepared to face. For it is not you, gentlemen, who pass judgment on us. That judgment is spoken by the eternal court of history...Pronounce us guilty a thousand times over: the goddess of the eternal court of history will smile and tear to pieces the State Prosecutor's submissions and the court's verdict; for she acquits us."

14. Time in Prison  March 1924: Hitler is found guilty of treason and sentenced to prison  Maximum term: life  Hitler’s term: 5 yrs, parole in 6 months  Party fell apart without him  1 st volume of Mein Kampf written in prison

15. Hitler’s Dream Reich  Ruled by Aryan’s  Blonde hair, blue eyes, of Germanic descent  Untermenschen  Jews, Slavs, others  Lesser men  Jews created a form of govn’t to keep power

16. The “New” Hitler  "...Instead of working to achieve power by an armed coup we shall have to hold our noses and enter the Reichstag against the Catholic and Marxist deputies. If outvoting them takes longer than outshooting them, at least the results will be guaranteed by their own Constitution! Any lawful process is slow. But sooner or later we shall have a majority - and after that Germany."

17. Reorganization of the Nazi Party  Designed to create a “government in waiting”  Step in when elected  No more military coups  Hitler Youth (Hitler Jugend)  Boys 15-18  Other programs existed for boys/girls 10-15

18. Nazi Groups

19. "Terror must be broken by terror"  Reforms to SA  Originally brawlers to protect party meetings  Really a group of thugs  Very visible organization  Paramilitary  Generally lower/working class

20. My honor is loyalty  Bodyguards for Nazi leaders  Evolved to become Nazi terror squad  Responsible for majority of the genocide durring holocaust

21. SS Uniforms

22. Gestapo  Nazi secret police  Carry out abductions  “Arrest” political prisoners  “Arrest” Jews and other undesirables

23. The Dawes Plan  Reduced German reparations  Stabilized value of Mark  American loans to rebuild German industry  Period of stability until stock market crash in 1929

24. Nazi Elections  Very modern campaign  Speeches, rallies  Very theatrical  Sept. 14, 1930: Nazi party became second largest in Germany  Jan. 30, 1933: Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany