1. Greenhouse Gas Accounting: GHG Protocol Initiative and ISO World Resources Institute

2. GHG Protocol/ISO Comparison GHG ProtocolISO HistoryLaunched in 1997, Corporate standard published in 2000, revised edition in 2004. Project standard being road tested Launched in 2002 Scope of workCorporate and projectCorporate, project & verification Level of detailStandards, guidance & electronic calculation tools Standards and some guidance AdoptionCorporate standard widely adopted by governments, NGO’s, industry, and industry associations Not yet completed – but other ISO standards have high adoption rates by business

3. GHG Protocol/ISO Comparison GHG ProtocolISO Decision making Consensus within multi- stakeholder groups ? Practical Testing of Standards Road testing before completionNone RelevancePolicy and program neutral Types of Participants  Multi-stakeholder/ many perspectives/inclusive  Typically experts/practitioners  Typically generalists with history in developing ISO standards  Business-dominated CostFree – no certification requirements Fees for standards and certification process

4. Key messages  Avoid creating competing standards  Don’t reinvent the wheel!  Base organization/project parts on GHG Protocol  Use GHG Protocol terminology to avoid confusion  Form follows function  Define the purpose of the standards first and design accordingly

5. Key messages  Separate project, corporate & verification standards Verification standard should be stand-alone Project standard needs to be on a slower track  A good process is crucial Get the balance of participants/decision makers right e.g., business, NGO’s, governments, North/South, others Understanding of issues and concepts is a pre-requisite for informed decision making - this is an iterative process  Keep communication channels open with GHGP

6. The GHG Protocol’s impact on GHG accounting practice California Climate Action Registry French REGES Protocol Carbon Disclosure Project Chicago Climate Exchange Dow Jones Sustainability Index EU- ETS GRI METI, Japan Northeast Registry (NESCAUM) Respect Europe Business Leaders Initiative for Climate Change (BLICC) Industry Associations (Aluminum, IPIECA, ICFPA, Cement, Iron and Steel) UK-ETS U.S. EPA Climate Leaders Initiative World Wildlife Fund Climate Savers World Economic Forum Global GHG Register GHG Protocol Corporate Standard Setting the scene Adoption of the Corporate Standard ISO 14064 is on a good track… GHGP Project Standard

7. IBM, USA IKEA International, Sweden Johnson & Johnson, USA Miller Brewing Company, USA Nike, USA Norm Thompson Outfitters, USA Pfizer Inc., USA Raytheon, USA SC Johnson, USA Sony Electronics, Japan Starbucks Coffee, USA Staples Inc., USA Sun Microsystems Target Corporation, USA Unilever HPC, USA United Technologies Corporation, USA Energy Services Birka Energi, Sweden Cinergy, USA Edison Mission Energy, USA ENDESA, Spain Exelon Corporation, USA FPL Group, Inc., USA General Electric, USA Green Mountain Energy, USA Kansai Electric Power, Japan Mirant, USA Adoption by businesses Automobile Manufacturers Ford Motor Company, USA Volkswagen, Germany Cement Cemex, Mexico Cimpor, Brazil Heidelberger Cement, Germany Holcim, USA (and worldwide Holcim facilities) Italcementi, Italy Lafarge, France and North America RMC, UK St. Lawrence Cement Inc., Canada Siam Cement, Thailand Taiheiyo, Japan Votorantim, Brazil Consumer Goods Manufacturers Bank of America Body Shop, UK Cargill, USA Eastman Kodak, USA Fetzer Vineyards, USA N.V. Nuon Renewable Energy, Netherlands PSEG, USA Seattle City Light, USA Tokyo Gas, Japan Wisconsin Electric, USA We Energies, USA Oil and Gas BP, USA Norsk Hydro, Norway Shell Canada, Canada Suncor, USA Industrial Manufacturers/ Mining Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. Alcan Aluminum Corporation, USA Alcoa, USA Ball Corporation, USA Baltimore Aircoil, USA Baxter International, USA Bethlehem Steel Corporation, USA CODELCO, Chile DuPont, Inc. Interface, Inc., USA International Paper, USA ITC Inc., India Lockheed Martin Corporation, USA Philips & Yaming, China Simplex Paper & Pulp, India STMicroelectronics, Switzerland StoraEnso, Finland Tata Steel, India United States Steel Corporation Non-Government Organizations World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Switzerland World Resources Institute, USA Services 500 PPM GmbH, Germany AstraZeneca, UK Casella Waste Systems, Inc., USA DHL, USA European Bank for Reconstruction & Development PE Europe, Germany PowerComm, Canada Price Waterhouse Coopers, New Zealand Verizon Communications, USA Adoption by businesses ( those that we know of…)

8. Standards Organizational Boundaries Operational Boundaries Historic Datum Reporting GHG emissions Guidance Business goals and inventory design Accounting for GHG reductions Identifying GHG sources Managing inventory quality Verification of GHG emissions Calculation tools Web-based, user-friendly, step-by-step guidance Build on IPCC methodologies Sector-specific tools developed in industry-led efforts (e.g. cement, pulp & paper, aluminum) Corporate Standard: what’s in it? www.ghgprotocol.org

9. Revised edition of Corporate Standard  To be published early next year, now in final review and design stage  The water is cleaner, and the baby is still in the bath!  Main changes to the first edition  More verification-friendly language (“shall”), which also aims to increase clarity as to what is required to produce a report “in accordance with” GHG Protocol (this does not affect the structure of the document)  Increased flexibility in choosing Organizational Boundaries  More specificity for indirect emissions from purchased electricity (still a required category)  Improved guidance  New case studies reflect how accounting practice has advanced in the meantime  New guidance chapter: Voluntary Corporate GHG targets  New Appendix: Issue piece for companies wishing to account for sequestered carbon

10. Project standard: what is it? Tool to help project developers to account for GHG reductions made by means of specific reduction projects (offsets/credits)

11. Project Accounting Principles 1. Relevance 2. Completeness 3. Consistency 4. Transparency 5. Accuracy 6. Conservatism

12. The Project Quantification Standard Consists of: i. Introduction to GHG accounting ii. Quantification steps iii. Baseline procedures iv. Annexes v. Glossary vi. References vii. List of contributors Project Typology – sector-specific guidance

13. II: Eight Quantification Steps 1: Describe the project and primary effect(s) 2: Check the eligibility of the primary effect 3: Check the primary effect is additional to legal requirements 4: Undertake a preliminary evaluation of secondary effects 5: Select the baseline scenario 6: Identify and assess the relevance of secondary effects 7: Calculate project reduction and classify based on ownership 8: Develop a monitoring plan (still to come)

14. III: Baseline Procedures Three Baseline Procedures Project Specific Performance Standard Retrofit Procedure Procedure Procedure

15. Additionality Uses a three-fold approach Initial ‘Additional to Legal Requirements’ Screen Project specific Performance Standard Tests: Barriers, Investment Ranking Stringency level Retrofits Only remaining life of equipment 1. 2. Additional 3. Project GHG Emission less than Baseline GHG Emissions

16. GHG Protocol Initiative Thank You www.ghgprotocol.org