1. Reishi and Immunity: A Scientific Overview
Presented by Michael N. Chang, Ph.D. Chief Scientific Advisor, Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
This material has been prepared by Pharmanex to be used in conjunction with general educational events and activities only. Alterations or modifications of this presentation without the express approval of Pharmanex is prohibited.

2. The Human Immune System
...…is a complicated network of cells, antibodies and proteins that serves following three main functions:
1. Removes waste and harmful material, to ensure the normal function of the body.
2. Defends against pathogens - bacteria, fungi and virus.
3. Kills and removes dead cells that have been altered as a natural process of the cell rejuvenation function.
… is delicately balanced by a very sophisticated feedback regulation and control system

3. Immune Cells Recognize and Destroy: Invading Organisms and Damaged Cells
Chemical message alerts immune system that an invader is present
Immune cell “swallows” foreign invader

4. Cell Surface Antigen How does it work?
Pathogens, such as bacteria, fungus, virus, have carbohydrates protruding outside of its surface.
Cells that have been altered during the normal cell rejuvenation process also have carbohydrate antigens protruding.

5. Reishi Mushroom
Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) mushroom is a fungus occurring as a shelf-like form growing on trees and stumps in densely wooded mountainous areas with high moisture and low light.
The spores of Reishi have tough outer shells that make it difficult to obtain the nutrients inside. The rarity of Reishi is partly attributed to the difficulty of germination.

6. Reishi Growing Process
Zoom in of Reishi body 1
1. Reishi body
2. Basidiomycete produces
sporidium
3. Mycelium 3 2
Growth of Basidiomycete

7. Types of Reishi
There are 62 types of Reishi, of which six are most common:
RED BLACK
BLUE WHITE
YELLOW PURPLE
RED Reishi is preferred because it can produce the highest quality extract and has been subject to the most scientific evaluation

8. Cultivation of Reishi
In 1971, Yukio Naoi, a researcher of the Kyoto University in Japan, successfully developed the artificial cultivation of Reishi, which resulted in reproducible and consistent production of Reishi.

9. Compounds Identified in Reishi Mushrooms

10. Reishi Spores These highly active substances are the essence of Reishi
They are the reproductive cells that are released at maturity
However, Reishi spores are protected by an extremely hard shell which prevent us from optimally absorbing the actives

11. Traditional Use
Reishi, also known as Lingzhi, is one of the most valued herbal products in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
Reishi’s earliest herbal remedies were recorded between 206 B.C. - 8 A.D.
In Taiwan, families often give Reishi to their aging grandparents

12. Clinical Research Approach for Reishi
The polysaccharides of Reishi can support our immune system.
It is generally recognized that certain polysaccharides cannot be absorbed by the human body.
When our intestine senses the presence of certain polysaccharides, receptors within our body will create a series of signals which then stimulate the body to carry out biological actions that support the immune system.

13. Research Findings: Reishi Mushroom & Extracts
Cell support
Immune system support
Liver support
Nervous system support
Cardiovascular protection and blood sugar support

14. Pre-Clinical Studies
Animal and in vitro studies have shown that Reishi extracts:
Supports activity of lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells
Supports activity of cytokines and macrophages
Supports healthy, normal histamine release from mast cells
Wang SY, et al. 1997;70(6): Lu Z, Lin ZB International Symposium on Ganoderma Research, October 24-26, 1994, Beijing Medical University, Beijing , China, Program and Abstracts, p. 82.

15. Clinical Studies
In clinical studies, Reishi extracts have been shown to:
Supports healthy levels of immune cells and antibodies
Improve vigor and appetite
Kupin, V. (1992). The 4th International Symposium on Ganoderma lucidum, Hyatt Regency hotel, June 10, 1992, Seoul, Korea, Program and Abstracts, pp Yang QY, Wang, M. M. (1996) Taipei International Ganoderma Research Conference, Taipei International Convention Center (TICC), August 15-15, 1996, Abstracts, Special Lecture.

16. Application for Reishi
Reishi supports the immune system’s ability to recognize unwanted organisms and cells that may have been damaged as a normal effect of the cell rejuvenation function.
Reishi supports optimal health
supports the body’s formation of antibodies
supports the body’s ability to proliferate immune cells
modulates the function of Natural Killer (NK) cells

17. Optimal Immune System Support
Presented by Jia-Shi Zhu, M.D., Ph.D. Director of Clinical and Pharmacology Affairs, Pharmanex, LLC

18. Scientifically Proven Health Benefits
Supports healthy immune system functions*
Stimulates proliferation of defensive immune cells in your body, including NK cells*
* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

19. Use of the best Reishi species:
RED Reishi or Ganoderma lucidum
Use of the best Reishi cultivation method:
solid tree trunk, organic cultivation for days
Free of pesticides, free of heavy metals, and no unwanted microbial contamination

20. Use of Pharmanex’ proprietary manufacturing process
to extract active components from Reishi

21. Reishi spores 100% Cracked spores
Cracked Reishi Spores
Reishi spores % Cracked spores
— 3000X magnification
under an electronic microscope

22. Proprietary Formula Contains 1% Reishi spores (100% cracked)
Standardized to
6% Reishi triterpenes
13.5% Reishi polysaccharides

23. ReishiMax Pre-Clinical Studies
A recent comparative study demonstrated supportive immune functions by ReishiMax:
Supports the formation of antibodies*
Supports proliferation of immune cells*
Supports NK cell functions*
* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

24. ReishiMax supports humoral immune functions*
Placebo
0.585
1.170
ReishiMax GLP
2.925
(g/kg)
Other
Reishi
+25%
+27%
+15%
p=0.01
p<0.01 by ANOVA
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
Serum IgG (mg/ml)
By Medical Institute at National Taiwan University
* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

25. ReishiMax supports cell-mediated immune functions*
Placebo
0.585
1.170
ReishiMax GLP
2.925
(g/kg)
Other
Reishi
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Interleukin-2 (pg/ml)
p<0.001 by ANOVA
+405%
+822%
+799%
p=0.12
By Medical Institute at National Taiwan University
* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

26. Higher Amount of Actives
min 10 20 30 40 50
mAU
100
200
Other Reishi product GA
Ganoderol B
Ganoderol acid DM-std
ReishiMax

27. Recent Publications ReishiMax GLp contains unique
polysaccharides that are responsible
for immune supporting activities
Conducted by Pharmanex SAB member Chi-Huey Wong at Academia Sinica in Taiwan
Published: Wang YY, Wong CH, et al. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2002;10:
Three new active compounds (lanostanoids) identified in Reishi
Conducted by Pharmanex Scientists J. Chang, M. Chang, and others.
Published: Ma J, Ye Q, et al. Journal of Natural Products 2002;65(1):72-75.

28. Higher Solubility ReishiMax Reishi A Reishi B 90% 71% 80% 70% 51% 60%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
ReishiMax
Reishi A
Reishi B
By Pharmanex Research Center at Shanghai Medical University

29. Competitive Advantage
6S process
Best natural Red Reishi species
Organic cultivation
Cracked spores
Proprietary manufacturing technology
Highest level of actives on the market
Scientifically proven
Health food license granted by Taiwan DOH

30. Recommended Usage Take twice daily with meals:
1 capsule each time for health maintenance
2 capsules each time for immune modulation
Safe and well tolerated at the recommended dosage

31. Taken together, ReishiMax and Tegreen provide a comprehensive cellular health maintenance program*
* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

32. www.pharmanex.com Pharmanex Information Packet product information
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Pharmanex Information Packet
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Pharmanex Product Showcase
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