1. Topic: Classification
Aim: Explain the classification system we use today.
Do Now: Take out test so we can finish going over it.
HW: Ditto – Microscope Review
Castle learning – Microscope due on Monday!
Microscope test is on Tuesday!

2. Describe one way all students in this class can be separated into groups, or classified.

4. Aristotle (384BC-322BC) developed the first classification system, which divided all known organisms into two groups: PLANTS and ANIMALS.

5. Aristotle then divided each of these main groups into 3 smaller groups
Aristotle then divided each of these main groups into 3 smaller groups. Animal Subgroups: Land, Water, Air Plant Subgroups: Small, Medium, Large

6. Scientists have identified more than 2. 5 million different organisms
Scientists have identified more than 2.5 million different organisms. And their job isn’t even close to being finished! Some biologists estimate that there may be at least 7 million different kinds of organisms living in tropical rain forests and in the depths of Earth’s oceans. No wonder why we need to classify!

7. Grouping of different types of organisms based on similar characteristics
Classification

8. Branch of biology that deals with classification of living things
Taxonomy

9. Carolus Linnaeus ( ) like Aristotle, classified organisms according to their traits. The classification systems of both Aristotle and Linnaeus started with the same two groups: Plants and Animals. Linnaeus called these groups kingdoms. But, unlike Aristotle, Linnaeus divided kingdom into 5 levels. Organisms were placed in these levels based on traits, including similarities of body parts , physical form such as size, shape, and methods of getting food.

10. Classification system used today
Carolus Linnaeus (1700’s)
All organisms are divided into 7 levels of classification

11. Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Largest group Very diverse
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Largest group
Very diverse
Smallest groups and most closely related to each other

13. Kings
Play
Chess On
Fine
Green
Stools

15. Species
One kind of organism that can mate with each other & produce fertile offspring

16. Kingdom
Phylum
Phylum
Phylum
Phylum
Phylum
Phylum

18. Naming organisms
Before Linnaeus developed his naming system, plants and animals were named by a series of Latin words that described the physical appearance of the organism. This was very confusing. For example, let’s look at the first name of the honey bee.
Apis pubescens, thorace subgriseo, abdomine fusco, pedibus posticis glabris utrinque margine ciliatus.
This means “fuzzy bee, light gray middle, brown body, smooth hind legs that have a small bag edged with tiny hairs.” Linnaeus named it Apis mellifera which means “honey-bearing bee.”

19. Binomial Nomenclature
Method used to name organisms
Devised by Linnaeus
2 names
Genus species
Binomial Nomenclature

21. Humans = Homo sapiens Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammal
Order
Primate
Family
Homoide
Genus
Homo
Species
sapiens

22. Canis lupus Kingdom Animalia Phylum Cordata Class Mammalia Order
Carnivora
Family
Canidae
Genus
Canis
Species
Lupus (the wolf)
Canis lupus

23. Let’s summarize…
How are organisms classified in the classification system used today?
Explain the difference between a kingdom and a species.
Explain the method used for naming organisms.
In a dichotomous key, how many descriptive statements are found in each step?
When starting a dichotomous key, which step do you start with?
What do you do if the first statement is false?

24. Review:
1. Which of the following places the seven major classification groups in order from largest to smallest?
(1.) phylum, class, kingdom, order, family, genus, species
(2.) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
(3.) kingdom, phylum, order, family, class, genus, species
(4.) genus, species, class, order, kingdom, family, phylum

25. 2. The scientific name for a lion is Panthera Leo
2. The scientific name for a lion is Panthera Leo. The word Panthera tells us the lion’s
(1.) kingdom
(2.) phylum
(3.) genus
(4.) species

26. 3. Members of a population of gray squirrels, Sciurus carolinensis, are classified in the same species because they
(1.) obtain their food in the same manner
(2.) produce enzymes by synthesis
(3.) can mate and produce fertile offspring
(4.) live in the same area

27. 4. In today’s classification system, 2 organisms would be most closely related if they were classified in the same
(1.) kingdom
(2.) phylum
(3.)genus
(4.)species

28. 5. Which classification category contains the greatest number of different types of organisms?
(1.) kingdom
(2.) phylum
(3.) genus
(4.) species

29. Dolphin  Tursiops truncatus

30. Raccoon  Procyon lotor

31. Fruit flyDrosophila melanogaster