1. HSC Ancient History Core Study Religion in Pompeii and Herculaneum

2. Temple of Apollo, Pompeii This bronze statue of Apollo as an archer stands facing the Temple of Apollo in the form at Pompeii. The Corinthian column on the raised platform to the left is part of the podium of the temple, built in the second century BC. The columns behind the statue are part of the western ambulatory of the temple. The statue is a copy of the bronze sculpture, which was found in pieces at the site. A similar statue of Artemis (Diana to the Romans), also shown as an archer, was found nearby. Apollo was sacred to both the Greeks and the Romans. Festivals were important events at Pompeii. These were held in honour of Apollo.

3. Altar in the Temple of the Genius of Augustus (later known as the Temple of Vespasian) The Temple of the Genius of Augustus was built during the reign of Augustus to celebrate the Imperial cult. It was damaged in the earthquake of AD 62 but had been restored by the time of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79. On the front of this white marble altar is a relief depicting the sacrifice of a bull, a ritual associated with the Imperial cult. Can you identify the following details from the relief: the young attendant carrying a jug and saucer the officiating priest with his toga draped over his head the tripod altar the mallet to be used to stun the bull before its throat was cut. The other three sides of the altar show objects associated with the Imperial cult.

4. Hercules with Minerva and Juno from the College of the Augustales, Herculaneum This is one of a pair of paintings from the shrine inside the College of the Augustales, Herculaneum. Hercules, the darker skinned figure, is seated with Minerva, the Roman goddess of intelligence and the arts, in the foreground and Juno, wife of Jupiter in the background. This painting and the one facing it feature the favourite gods and goddesses together with Hercules, the local mythological hero.

5. Hercules with Neptune and Salacia, from the College of the Augustales, Herculaneum This is the companion to the painting of Hercules with Minerva and Juno in the shrine of the College of the Augustales, Herculaneum. This painting shows Hercules, the figure with tanned skin carrying his club, together with Neptune and his wife Salacia, sometimes known by her Greek name, Amphitrite. The shrine is decorated in the ‘Fourth Style’ of painting, with the two mythological scenes surrounded by ornamental panels featuring architectural forms.

6. Dedicatory Inscription, College of the Augustales, Herculaneum The statues and floor decorations were stripped from this building by early excavators. However they missed this marble plaque which clearly identifies the building’s function as the meeting place of the Augustales, leading citizens who were responsible for maintaining the cult of the deified emperors. The inscription records that the building, dedicated to Augustus, was built by the brothers A. Lucius Proculus and A. Lucius Iulanius, who gave a dinner to members of the decurion council and the Augustales on its inauguration day.

7. Mosaic from the House of Neptune and Amphitrite, Herculaneum This mosaic is from the summer dining room of the House of the Neptune and Amphitrite, one of the best- preserved houses in Herculaneum. It is made from thousands of tiny tiles, which have retained their vivid colours. The mosaic shows the god of the sea and his wife, however they have been curiously named: Neptune is the Roman name for the god (Greek Poseidon) but Amphitrite is the Greek name for his wife (Roman Salacia).