1. History and Benefits of Wildlife Management

2. What is wildlife management?
The process of preserving, increasing, or decreasing wildlife population

3. Preservation   restocking, predator control, habitat improvement, game refuges, and restrictive laws.   Increasing providing food plots   Decreasing harvesting over populations

4. Benefits of Wildlife

5. Ecological Benefits
Ecology is the relationship of living organisms with their environment
A group of organisms living in the same area are called a biotic community
Each organism in biotic community is dependent on others in the group
Management of one organism will result in management of all in the community

6. Economic Benefits Benefits in which wildlife gives monetary returns
Examples:
fur species give returns by pelts
hunting leases provide monetary returns for landowners
production of meat
fishing farms
tourism

7. Aesthetic Benefits Benefits that provide beauty
The Wilderness Act of 1964 states that wilderness land be for use and enjoyment
National parks and wildlife reserves established
Wildlife reserves
Wildlife viewing

8. History of Wildlife Management
In wildlife management there are controls used to maintain the quality and quantity of animal species

9. Controls
Restriction of hunting
Predator control
Artificial replenishment
Environmental controls

10. B.C. and Historic
Wildlife management dates back to the beginning of human history
Regulation of hunting has its origin in early tribal restrictions

11. Late 13th Century
first recorded record for game management concerning conservation in the Mongol Empire
Kublai Khan had regulation in place prohibiting the hunting of certain animals between March and October

12. Late 13th Century
In Europe the upper classes restricted hunting for their benefit, not for improvement
1536 Henry VIII established protection for all waterfowl during May-August

13. Era of Abundance ( )
Early American settlers faced abundant wildlife and had no regulations
This drove down wildlife populations resulting in regulations to be established
1630 money was paid for wolf hides to aid in predator control

14. Era of Abundance ( )
Some states closed seasons on hunting birds and deer
1848 Rhode Island passed laws against Spring hunting of migratory game birds

15. Era of Exploitation (1850 - 1899)
Destruction of the buffalo occurred
1872 first step in conservation by creating Yellowstone National Park
Iowa was first to establish limits on game animals (25 prairie chickens per day)

16. Era of Protection ( )
Main cause of wildlife decline was the improper use of wildlife resources
1900 congress passed the Lacey Act which made the transportation across state lines of illegally killed game a federal offense
It also regulated the importation of exotic wildlife

17. Era of Protection ( 1900 – 1929 ) Theodore Roosevelt’s administration
Established game reserves
Other national parks
Put the regulation of migratory birds under the government
Outlawed Spring hunting of waterfowl
State fish and game departments were established
Licensing and fees were established providing funds for law enforcement

18. Era of Game Management (1930 - 1965)
Duck Stamp Act was passed in 1934
Pittman Robertson Act provided state agencies with funding from fees
Wetland Loans Act provided for purchase of land for waterfowl
Wilderness Act of 1964 established national preservation system with use of selected federal lands

19. Era of Environmental Management (1966 - present)
Endangered Species Preservation Act in 1966 provided a list of endangered species
1970 Environmental Protection Agency was established
1973 Endangered Species Act provided protection for species

20. State Agencies Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Parks Enforcement
Administrative
Fish and Game
Environmental Resources
Education

21. State Agencies (Continued)
Texas Forest Service
Texas Animal Damage Control
Agriculture Extension Service

22. Federal Agencies
US Fish and Wildlife Service US Department of Agriculture National Parks Service Bureau of Land Management Environmental Protection Agency Natural Resource Conservation Service