1. Human Physiology in the Development of Performance

2. Today’s Objectives Correctly identify the performance criteria for LO2
Correctly identify the function of the respiratory system
Correctly describe the pathway of air
Correctly describe the process of pulmonary diffusion
Correctly describe the stages that occur in breathing in and breathing out
Correctly describe the adaptations that take place in the respiratory system with sport and exercise

3. Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D681 12
Learning Outcome 2
The structure of the main components of the cardio-respiratory system is correctly described
The function of the main components of the cardio-respiratory system are accurately described

4. Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D681 12
We are going to separate the Cardio Respiratory system into 2 parts
In general terms:
Cardio: Heart
Respiratory: Lungs

5. Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D681 12
Respiratory System
Question
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
Answer
To breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide

6. Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Structure
Description
Nasal Passage
Nose
Oral Cavity
Mouth
Pharynx
Funnel shaped tube allowing air to go into the windpipe
Larynx
Voice Box
Trachea
Windpipe
Bronchi
Sub-divisions of windpipe

7. Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Structure
Description
Lungs
Cone shaped organs of the respiratory system
Heart
Muscular organ of the cardiovascular system
Ribs
Flat bones that protect the heart and lungs
Intercostal muscles
Muscle that pull on the rib cage causing it to move
Cartilage
Connective tissue that joins the ribs onto the sternum

8. Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Structure
Description
Bronchioles
Small tube like subdivisions of the bronchi
Diaphragm
Muscle at the bottom of the rib cage which assists during breathing
Alveoli
Bunch of grape like structures where pulmonary diffusion takes place

9. The Respiratory System
Bronchioles
Intercostal muscles
Cartilage
Diaphragm
Alveoli

10. Pathway of Air Task
In your pairs look at the diagram of the respiratory system
Taking into account gravity
Make a list of the respiratory structures in the order that you think the air passes through them

11. Oral Cavity/Nasal Passages Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchus Bronchioles
Pathway of Air
Oral Cavity/Nasal Passages
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Alveoli – where pulmonary diffusion occurs

12. What is Pulmonary Diffusion?
Pulmonary Diffusion is the name for the process of gas exchange which occurs in the lungs
It has 2 main functions:
To replenish the blood with oxygen where it can be transported around the body
To remove carbon dioxide from the blood so we can breathe it out

13. Pulmonary Diffusion
During pulmonary diffusion the gases (O2 and CO2) always travel from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Until there is an equal balance of both gases in the blood

14. Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D681 12
Breathing in and Breathing Out
Q) How many breaths does the average person take at rest per minute? A)
Q) How many breaths do you take at rest in the average minute?

15. Breathing in and Breathing Out
The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax B
The diaphragm contracts and flattens C
The volume of the lungs decreases D
The internal pressure of the lungs increases above that of the external air pressure E
The intercostal muscles contract pulling the ribs up and out F
The greater air pressure outside forces air into the lungs G
This increases the volume of the lungs and decreases the air pressure inside them H
Air is forced out of the lungs

16. Breathing In and Out
Firstly decide which statements are involved with breathing in and which are involved with breathing out
Then establish a logical order of events for each phase of breathing
Hint - gas always moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

17. Breathing In and Out A
The intercostals muscles and the diaphragm relax B
The diaphragm contracts and flattens C
The volume of the lungs decreases D
The internal pressure of the lungs increases above that of the external air pressure E
The intercostals muscles contract pulling the ribs up and out F
The greater air pressure outside forces air into the lungs G
This increases the volume of the lungs and decreases the air pressure inside them H
Air is forced out of the lungs

18. Breathing In and Out Out In A
The intercostals muscles and the diaphragm relax B
The diaphragm contracts and flattens C
The volume of the lungs decreases D
The internal pressure of the lungs increases above that of the external air pressure E
The intercostals muscles contract pulling the ribs up and out F
The greater air pressure outside forces air into the lungs G
This increases the volume of the lungs and decreases the air pressure inside them H
Air is forced out of the lungs
Out In

19. Breathing In and Out A
The intercostals muscles and the diaphragm relax B
The diaphragm contracts and flattens C
The volume of the lungs decreases D
The internal pressure of the lungs increases above that of the external air pressure E
The intercostals muscles contract pulling the ribs up and out F
The greater air pressure outside forces air into the lungs G
This increases the volume of the lungs and decreases the air pressure inside them H
Air is forced out of the lungs

20. Breathing In and Out Out 1 In 1 Out 2 Out 3 In 2 In 4 In 3 Out 4 A
The intercostals muscles and the diaphragm relax B
The diaphragm contracts and flattens C
The volume of the lungs decreases D
The internal pressure of the lungs increases above that of the external air pressure E
The intercostals muscles contract pulling the ribs up and out F
The greater air pressure outside forces air into the lungs G
This increases the volume of the lungs and decreases the air pressure inside them H
Air is forced out of the lungs
Out 1
In 1
Out 2
Out 3
In 2
In 4
In 3
Out 4

21. Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D681 12
Breathing In B
The diaphragm contracts and flattens E
The intercostals muscles contract pulling the ribs up and out G
This increases the volume of the lungs and decreases the air pressure inside them F
The greater air pressure outside forces air into the lungs

22. Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D681 12
Breathing Out A
The intercostals muscles and the diaphragm relax C
The volume of the lungs decreases D
The internal pressure of the lungs increases above that of the external air pressure H
Air is forced out of the lungs

23. Adaptations to the Respiratory with Exercise
Increased ability to take in more air due to increases in strength or endurance of intercostals muscles
Increased efficiency of oxygen uptake by blood (pulmonary diffusion)
Increased alveoli surface area

24. You should now be able to
Correctly identify the performance criteria for LO2
Correctly identify the function of the respiratory system
Correctly describe the pathway of air
Correctly describe the process of pulmonary diffusion
Correctly describe the stages that occur in breathing in and breathing out
Correctly describe the adaptations that take place in the respiratory system with sport and exercise