1. Toward
Civilization
Prehistory--500 B.C.

2.                                                                         
Early Man

3. Does Geography help us understand why civilizations grew where they did?
Check out these places on Google Earth

4. HAVE IN
COMMON?
WHAT
PLACES
THESE
DID

5. Border Cave
A major archeological site in Zululand, South Africa and home of Old Stone Age hunters and gatherers
**Write the red, underlined information on the
Border Cave side of the prediction sheet at the top

6. What is the Border Cave? When did life begin?
No one knows for sure when life began
What is the Border Cave?
Border Cave is a rock shelter in the
Lebombo Mountains between
South Africa and Swaziland, in
Kwazulu Natal, South Africa.

7. Africa What continent is the border cave located?
the world’s second largest continent that lies south of Europe

8. South Africa Atlantic and Indian Oceans What country is the
Border Cave located?
South Africa
What two oceans
border this country?
Atlantic and Indian
Oceans
In what part of South
Africa is the Border Cave
located?
northeast

9. Old Stone Age during this period that lasted from about 12,000 years ago stone tools were the most common technology used by humans.
How did such technology give
one long period of time its name?
Stone tools were the main technology so
this is where the name Old Stone Age came from
On the back of your study guide, write
“Old Stone Age and draw a picture of the
Old Stone Age
Should include a man with stone tools

10. OLD Stone Age Stone Tools/ Nomads- moved from place to place
The time until about 12,000 years ago
Stone Tools/
Nomads- moved from
place to place
**Put this on chart under “Settlement”

11. Put this on chart under “fire”*
During this period of prehistory people
developed the ability to use fire!!!!
What are two ways the development
of this technology affected their lives?
It made it possible to cook
Hint
They could move
to colder climates
Put this on chart under “fire”

12. Where did the Border Cave people live?
In a cave!!!!!!!!

14. The cave was lined with grass and heated by fire.
Bows and Arrows
Conclusion: they put grass to make the cave more
comfortable. Heated wiith fire.

15. the remains unearthed in the Border Cave in southern Africa-- included the skeleton of an infant
They also held religious
convictions and believed
in the afterlife, for the
body of the infant had been carefully and ceremoniously
buried. The baby had been buried with seashell beads.
This suggest that the baby was deeply cared for.
These beads also proved they valued beauty and had
contact with the sea. *

16. What is the meaning on the
Who studies remains of the past?
Archaeologists
What is the meaning on the
term technology? Add definition to the chart
under tools…..
The use of skills to meet practical needs
Example of early man‘s technology
Stone tools were used to chop and cut
They were also used as spearheads for hunting

17. The Border Cave inhabitants were hunter-gatherers.
Hunting
and
Gathering
The Border Cave inhabitants
were hunter-gatherers.
Hunter-gatherers were people of the
Old Stone Age who met needs by hunting animals and gathering plants.
**add this definition to the chart under “Hunting” and “gathering” *
Almost all of human prehistory took place during the Old Stone Age.
**add this information under the chart.

21.                                                                         
Early Man

22. Old Stone Age tools

27. Why is art from ancient times important?? There are no written records
those
times

28. Early
People
Go to Chapter 1 Section 3
on your study guide

29. About 12,000 years ago Earth’s cool climate began to warm.
This change caused the number of plants and
animals on Earth to soar.
The number of people grew as well, as hunters and gatherers
around the world took advantage
of Earth’s new bounty.

30. What change took place on Earth around the time of the New Stone Age?
* Add this to the top of the study guide Chapter 1 Section 3
New Stone Age – During this period people still mainly
depended on stone tools and they began experimenting
with agriculture. The New Stone Age began about 12,000 years ago
What change took place on Earth
around the time of the
New Stone Age?
The Earth began to warm
This period lasted
About 6000 years.
**Draw a picture of the New Stone Age
on the back of your study guide

31. Farming/ domesticated Put this on chart under Section 3 step 1.
NEW Stone Age
The time from 12,000 years ago to 6,000 years ago
Farming/ domesticated
Animals/ settled
Put this on chart under Section 3 step 1.

32. Agriculture became important during the New Stone Age period!!!
What is agriculture?
Agriculture is the raising
of crops and animals for human
use.
***add this definition between the first and second box on the Section 3 study guide** *
What did agriculture enable the people of this time period to do?
People could live in large groups with
out need to travel to gather food
B. People raised domesticated
plants and animals

33. Animals Plants To train to be useful to human beings
What does domesticate mean?
To train to be useful to human beings
***add this definition between the second & 3rd box on the Section 3 study guide**
Name two things that the ancient man
domesticated?
Animals
Plants
Example:
Learning to plants seeds and
care for the plant (wheat, barley, peas)
Goats,
cattle, and
sheep

34. * In order for farming settlements to develop into cities the
needed a good source of _____________.
Water
hint

35. *
Surplus – an extra supply of something, such as crops that are not needed immediately for food
*add this definition between in the third box on the Section 3 study guide**
Extra milk from the cows
Extra food left over
*Because of surplus the population grew
***add this to the third box on the Section 3 study guide**

36. Specialization – training to do a particular kind of work
Since people didn’t need to grow food, this led to specialization and become skilled at other trades such as making tools, bricks, and pots.
Specialization – training to do a particular kind of work
***add this definition to the fourth box on the Section 3 study guide**
*Because of improved farming techniques, population grew
***add this to the fifth box on the Section 3 study guide**
***add this to the fifth box on the Section 3 study guide**

37. Trade & Spread of Ideas Items traded:
pottery/ tools/ weapons/ baskets/ cloth/ spices
Items traded for: food/ goods needed
One of the most amazing inventions:
Wheel & axle
Traders easily spread new ideas & information with different cultures
***add this to the fifth box on the Section 3 study guide**

38. Civilization – a culture that has developed systems of specialization, religion, learning, and government
***add this to the 7th box on the Section 3 study guide**
Social classes developed- a group , or class, that is made up of people with similar backgrounds, income and ways of living
***add this to the 8th box on the Section 3 study guide**

40. The site rapidly became famous internationally
The Neolithic site of Çatal höyük was first discovered in the late 1950s.
The site rapidly became famous
internationally
due to the large size and dense occupation
of the settlement, as well as the spectacular wall
paintings and other art that was uncovered inside the houses.
Click to see picture

41. Turkey What does Çatal Huyük mean? CHAH tul HOO yook
How do you pronounce Catal Huyuk?
Click here to hear for the pronunciation
What does Çatal Huyük mean?
Forked Mound
Catal Huyuk is considered to be one of the world’s
first farming community
Turkey
Where is Catal Huyuk?
Catal Huyuk had a population of about 5000 people

42. Why are they studying Çatal Höyük
Why are they studying Çatal Höyük? To learn more about the Neolithic Period, or New
Stone Age, when people
began abandoning
hunter-gatherer lifestyles to settle in
communities, grow crops, and raise animals.
Lets take the TOUR
Click here

43. Living in Catal Huyuk? Why do you think the houses were built
The homes were built to last. The houses had brick walls
coated with plaster.
The houses were built right against each other.
Why do you think the houses were built
right next to each other?
Protection maybe
There were no streets in
Catal Huyuk? hmmmmm
There were no door in Catal Huyuk? hmmmm

44. Why??? And how did they get from place to place and how
Simple
protection
again
They entered their
homes through the roof
And how did they get from place
to place and how
did they get in their homes???????
They used a ladder

45. diagram shows the
dense
house layout.

46. Reconstruction drawing of an 'aerial view' of the
Neolithic site in spring

47. Layout
See in real time
Click On
arrow

48. Click here
Click here

49. 1996 Excavations in the Mellaart area with the wall lifting machinery
on the right

50. Before cleaning

51. After cleaning

52. Interesting fact about Catal Huyuk!!!!!!!!!!
What happened when you died in this civilization?
Click here to
See the bones
After a body was placed in a pit, the pit was filled
with clay and the opening sealed with plaster-
the platform was coated with a fresh layer of plaster.
to add a burial to this pit, it was opened, cleared
of earth, the bones of the previous burial pushed
aside to make space, and the new burial, tightly
wrapped in cloth or reed matting was placed in
the pit and resealed.
Interestingly, most adults were buried without any
grave goods.
Babies and children- often buried with long strands of
small polished beads made of stone, shell or coral.

53. Copper armband found on one of the individuals excavated in the 4040 area. .

54. Wall paintings discovered in the 1960s

55. Trade – the exchange of goods between peoples
The crafts in Catal Huyuk attracted many people to the city and they began to trade their beautiful items for those that others had to offer.

56. Exceptional
flint 'daggers‘
with
decorative
one
handles

57. These are modern Obsidian points. This black
volcanic glass
was the economic fuel
that powered Catal Huyuk.

58. Obsidian products from Catal Huyuk were found
in Syria, and Syrian pottery was found
in Catal Huyuk.
Infer – deduce, assume
Understand
Surmise, conclude
What can you infer from the
statement above????
The people of Catal Huyuk
traded with the
people of Syria
Trade

59. Figure 3: Skeletons excavated
under the northwest
platform of building 1.

60. The deep sounding at the end of September 1999, with the
excavators standing on lake marl.
Directions: pressing the daggers with move you forward and backward in the Çatal Newsletter. Clicking the clay figurine will give you a table of contents.

61. Infant burial conserved and lifted in box,

62. Excavation

63. Figure 22. Grave F.735: a young female c. 18–25

64. Finds from the recent excavations
Clay figure
Hook bone

65. Stone and shell beads
Obsidian point
Neolithic pot

66. Clay objects

67. reconstruction of how it may have looked if the
holes in its head were used for
decorative purposes.

68. We do not know what the people of Catal Huyuk believed
but religion
was obviously important to
them. They made figurines of clay and stone, which
may have
been gods and goddesses. They also mounted bull's
skulls on the walls
of some buildings and covered them in plaster to
resemble living heads. It is
believed these buildings were shrines.

69. Catal Huyuk was abandoned about 5,000 BC. Nobody
knows why but it may have been
due to climate change.
Catal Huyuk was then forgotten for
thousands of years till it was
rediscovered in 1958.
Excavation began in 1961.
What happen to Catal Huyuk
???
The End

70. Link on slide 8 just goes to video hit enter when it finishes playing
To the cave with flashlight and
An extra link

71. Prehistory Vocabulary
surplus
artisan
civilization
social class
Stone Age
nomad
fertile
domesticate
irrigation
High use words: Evidence/ ward off/ characterize/ pastoral/ occupation/ refine/ axle/ prosperity

72. Technology
Old Stone Age
Hunter-gatherer
Border Cave
Agriculture
New Stone Age
Domesticate
Surplus
Specialization
Civilization
Trade
Time line
Circa

73. Lets Explore