1. Jews in Norrköping

2. Jewish immigration 1779 1779 First Jews to Sweden King Gustav III King Gustav III Jewish regulations Jewish regulations Economical guarantee Economical guarantee demanded demanded Three cities only: Three cities only: Stockholm, Göteborg and Stockholm, Göteborg and Malmö Malmö 1782 1782 First Jews to Norrköping First Jews to Norrköping From Germany and Holland From Germany and Holland by horse and carriage or boat by horse and carriage or boat Well received in Norrköping Well received in Norrköping

3. Jewish regulations 1782 1782 Laws for Jews in Sweden Laws for Jews in Sweden - Allowed in three cities only - Restricted professions - Not allowed to give evidence in court - No mixed marriages - No mixed marriages

4. Judaism and the Jewish congregation First monotheistic religion First monotheistic religion Founder is Moses Founder is Moses Torah and Talmud Torah and Talmud First congregation in Norrköping 1782 First congregation in Norrköping 1782 Founded by Jacob Marcus Founded by Jacob Marcus Education within congregation Education within congregation Own burial-ground Own burial-ground

5. Synagogue Synagogue - Bet Knesset in Hebrew First small synagogue built by Jacob Marcus in 1790 First small synagogue built by Jacob Marcus in 1790 Present synagogue from 1858 Present synagogue from 1858 Financed through gifts and fees Financed through gifts and fees 99 members in 1860 99 members in 1860 Problems when wealthy members left Norrköping Problems when wealthy members left Norrköping Declared historic building in 1978 Declared historic building in 1978 Today around 30 members Today around 30 members

6. The most important Jewish families in Norrköping

7. The Wahren family Wealthy Wealthy Textile mills Textile mills Jacob Wahren Jacob Wahren - Wool industry - Big factory buildings by the river and waterfalls in central Norrköping Herman Leonard Wahren Herman Leonard Wahren - Expanded his father’s (Jacobs) industries Gustaf Mauritz Wahren Gustaf Mauritz Wahren - Stock exchange trader Richard Wahren Richard Wahren - Textile mills; Richard Wahren & Co R. Wahrens AB R. Wahrens AB

8. Jacob Marcus Arrived in Norrköping in 1782 Arrived in Norrköping in 1782 Permission to start factories and wholesale trade Permission to start factories and wholesale trade Sold colonial products, Sold colonial products, like coffee, spices and olives Factory for cotton printing Factory for cotton printing Bankruptcy after economical crises in Sweden 1815 Bankruptcy after economical crises in Sweden 1815

9. The Philipson family Philip Jeremias Philip Jeremias - Arrived in Sweden and Norrköping in 1789 - Launched several companies - Manufactured lacquer & playing cards Jacob Philipson, son Jacob Philipson, son - Owned big farms John Philipson, grandson John Philipson, grandson - Laid out several parks in Norrköping, the most famous is Folkparken

10. General facts Economy Economy - Most Jewish families did well Residence Residence - Lived in different parts of town Work Work - Worked in their own companies and shops - Textile mills - House to house peddling Education Education - Private tutors - No Jewish schools - Religious education in Synagogue Language Language - Second generation often fluent in Swedish Traces of Jewish inhabitants Traces of Jewish inhabitants - Synagogue and the Jewish burial-ground - The parks and the old factory buildings buildings