Download presentation
1
Frog Dissection
3
Scientists believe other vertebrates evolved from BONY LOBE-FINNED fish
4
Scientific American; Dec 2005; Vol 293; p100-107
5
TIK-TAALIK Intermediate between fish and early tetrapods
TIK-TAALIK Intermediate between fish and early tetrapods Fins have basic wrist bones and simple fingers Earliest fish with a neck Discovered by Neil Shubin and Ted Daeschler in 2004
6
AMPHIBIAN CHARACTERISTICS
Moist, thin skin without scales Aquatic larva changes to terrestrial adult Feet without claws Respiration with gills, lungs, skin, mouth Closed 2 loop circulation Ectothermic (cold blooded) Eggs without shells or multicellular membranes
7
http://users. erols. com/jkimball. ma
8
FROG ANIMALIA CHORDATA VERTEBRATA “backbone” AMPHIBIA “double life”
LATIN meaning KINGDOM _____________ PHYLUM ____________________________ SUBPHYLUM ___________________________ CLASS _______________________________ ORDER _____________________________ ANIMALIA CHORDATA VERTEBRATA “backbone” AMPHIBIA “double life” ANURA “without a tail”
9
Thin, moist skin – no scales Mucous glands make it “slimy”
Camouflage- for protection Some have poison glands
10
BREATHING THROUGH SKIN is called CUTANEOUS RESPIRATION
BREATHING THROUGH SKIN is called CUTANEOUS RESPIRATION
11
ECTOTHERMIC “cold blooded”
Body temperature is dependent on surrounding environment
12
HIBERNATION/ ESTIVATION
FAT stored in FAT BODIES provides energy Images from:
13
Nictitating membrane (3rd eyelid) “swim goggles”
Image by: Riedell/VanderWal©2006 Nostrils = external nares
14
All tetrapods (amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) have a middle ear with a tympanic membrane (= eardrum). Image by: Riedell/VanderWal©2006
15
The major difference in the middle ear:
Amphibians, reptiles, birds have a single ear bone (= columella) Mammals have three middle-ear bones
16
NO CLAWS image from:
17
EXIT OPENINGS DIGESTIVE WASTE (feces) = ANUS UROGENITAL PORE
_________________ EXCRETORY & REPRODUCTIVE EXIT = _____________________________ (Urine & eggs OR Urine & sperm) ANUS UROGENITAL PORE
18
EXIT OPENINGS VENT OPENING SHARED BY EXCRETORY, REPRODUCTIVE,
& DIGESTIVE = ________ VENT Image by: Riedell/VanderWal©2006
19
What sex is it? Images from:
20
Image by: Riedell/VanderWal©2006
21
AMPLEXUS “firm embrace”
Sperm and egg same time and place Increases chances of external fertilization Image from:
22
TONGUE attached at front not back like yours!
Imagse from: TONGUE attached at front not back like yours!
23
PHARYNX Muscular Back of throat Pulls food into digestive system
Image by: Riedell/VanderWal©2006
24
EUSTACHIAN TUBES Connect ears to back of throat
Image by: Riedell/VanderWal©2006 EUSTACHIAN TUBES Connect ears to back of throat
25
GULLET Opening to digestive system GLOTTIS Opening to
Image by: Riedell/VanderWal©2006 GULLET Opening to digestive system GLOTTIS Opening to respiratory system
26
MAXILLARY & VOMERINE TEETH
Image by: Riedell/VanderWal©2006 MAXILLARY & VOMERINE TEETH
27
INTERNAL NARES Allows frog to breathe with mouth closed!
Image by: Riedell/VanderWal©2006 Allows frog to breathe with mouth closed!
28
Cut through skin first Then abdominal muscle Watch for squirting!
Image from Cut through skin first Then abdominal muscle Watch for squirting!
29
CUTANEOUS RESPIRATION
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006 LOTS OF BLOOD VESSELS for gas exchange CUTANEOUS RESPIRATION
30
If yours looks like this . . . trade for a new frog
OVARY- Make eggs If yours looks like this . . . trade for a new frog Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
31
FAT BODIES Store fat for energy during: Hibernation Estivation
Breeding Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
32
LIVER Make bile to break down fats Store glycogen Store vitamins
Process toxins (including nitrogen waste for kidneys) Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
33
STOMACH Add acid Start digestion Grind/mash food
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
34
GALL BLADDER Storage sac under liver Stores bile made by liver
Used in small intestine Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
35
PANCREAS
36
Pancreas (enlarged)
37
PANCREAS: Makes TRYPSIN, INSULIN, GLUCAGON
TRYPSIN- breaks down proteins INSULIN- tells cells to store glucose from bloodstream as glycogen GLUCAGON- tells cells to release stored glucose to blood stream
38
Mesentery holds intestines together
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006 Mesentery holds intestines together
39
INTESTINE SMALL INTESTINE LARGE INTESTINE Split up intestine functions
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
40
SMALL INTESTINE Bile/trypsin added Finish digesting Absorb nutrients
VILLI-increase surface area for more absorption Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
41
LARGE INTESTINE Removes water from feces Collects/concentrates
digestive waste Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
42
SMALL INTESTINE DUODENUM- Add bile/trypsin Finish digestion ILEUM-
Absorb nutrients Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
43
CLOACA Shared collecting space for DIGESTIVE EXCRETORY REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEMS Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
44
STOMACH What’s for lunch? Cut open your stomach
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
45
STOMACH RUGAE- Rough folds inside stomach allow expansion
help to break down food Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
46
CONTROLS passage of food from stomach into duodenum (intestine)
PYLORIC SPHINCTER CONTROLS passage of food from stomach into duodenum (intestine)
47
SPLEEN BLOOD CELL FACTORY Makes, stores, processes worn out
red blood cells Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
48
10 Body Systems : ___________ __________ _____________ EXCRETORY
___________________ Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells Nitrogen waste has different chemical forms: ___________ __________ _____________ MOST TOXIC made from LEAST TOXIC ammonia by needs the least liver water to dilute FISH HUMANS BIRDS, REPTILES AMPHIBIANS EXCRETORY AMMONIA UREA URIC ACID
49
ALL WASTE is NOT THE SAME!
DIGESTIVE waste- left over from undigested food travels through digestive system leaves through digestive system as feces EXCRETORY waste- (Also called NITROGEN WASTE) made by cells from break down of proteins travels through blood stream leaves through excretory system as ammonia, urea, or uric acid
50
Diagram by: Riedell
51
KIDNEYS- Remove nitrogen waste from blood and dilute it with water to make urine; Osmoregulation Adult frogs excrete as UREA TO CONSERVE WATER Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
52
URINARY BLADDER STORES URINE MADE BY KIDNEYS LARVAE (Tadpoles)
Excrete AMMONIA like fish Adult frogs excrete UREA to conserve water Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
53
CLOACA Shared collecting space for DIGESTIVE EXCRETORY REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEMS Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
54
OVARIES Make eggs Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
55
Carry eggs to cloaca Add jelly coating
Image from: Carry eggs to cloaca Add jelly coating
56
OVARY without eggs Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
57
TESTES-makes sperm VAS DEFERENS-tubules that carry sperm to cloaca
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
58
AMPLEXUS “firm embrace”
Sperm and egg same time and place Increases chances of external fertilization Image from:
59
INDIRECT DEVELOPMENT Grow legs; Lose tail 2 chambers 3 chambers
Grow legs; Lose tail 2 chambers 3 chambers 1 loop 2 loops Breathe w/ gills lungs & skin Excrete ammonia excrete urea (gills & kidneys) (kidneys)
60
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM THYROID GLAND makes THYROXIN to control heart rate,
THYROID GLAND makes THYROXIN to control heart rate, metabolism, and METAMORPHOSIS
61
Ways tadpoles are like fish
Have a LATERAL LINE Breathe with gills Excrete nitrogen waste as AMMONIA (with gills & kidneys) Have a 2 chamber heart Have a 1 loop circulatory system
62
Pericardial membrane around heart Mesentery holds intestines together
image from: Pericardial membrane around heart Mesentery holds intestines together
63
LUNGS: GAS EXCHANGE Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
64
BREATHING WITH LUNGS is called PULMONARY RESPIRATION
BREATHING WITH LUNGS is called PULMONARY RESPIRATION Frogs PUSH AIR INTO LUNGS = POSITIVE PRESSURE
65
Larvae breathe with GILLS
66
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
HEART 3 chambers 2 loops
67
HEART 3 chambered heart Right atrium Left atrium Ventricle
Image from:
68
TADPOLES & FISH: 2 chambered heart 1 loop system ADULT FROG:
Images from: TADPOLES & FISH: chambered heart 1 loop system ADULT FROG: 3 chamber heart 2 loop system
69
MOST vertebrates have nuclei in their RBC’s
MAMMALS DON’T RBCs’ image from: Human RBC image from:
70
Conus arteriosus FISH CIRCULATION Sinus venosus Atrium GILLS
BODY organs Atrium GILLS Conus arteriosus Ventricle FISH CIRCULATION
71
Conus arteriosus FROG CIRCULATION Sinus venosus Body organs
RIGHTAtrium LEFT Atrium Lungs Conus arteriosus Ventricle FROG CIRCULATION
72
Conus arteriosus FROG CIRCULATION Sinus venosus Body organs
RIGHTAtrium LEFT Atrium Lungs Conus arteriosus Ventricle FROG CIRCULATION
73
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION LUNGS = Pulmonary Kidneys = renal
Kidneys = renal Heart = coronary Liver = hepatic
74
BRAIN
Similar presentations
© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc.
All rights reserved.