2. What started the War? Direct Cause: See next slide!!!!Indirect Causes: Nationalism – Germany unites itself under their love of the fatherland Imperialism – Britain’s empire is causing other emperors to think of expanding their own countries Alliances – Everyone had agreed to help someone Militarism – Due to new tech in weaponry, everyone was creating huge armies

3. Archduke Ferdinand is assassinated by a Serbian teenager! Austria- Hungary declares war on Serbia Russia promises to help Serbia Germany joins AH and declares war on France Germany invades Belgium who is friends with Britain German U- boats sink the Lusitania US declares war on Germany after Zimmerman Note

4.  Flamethrowers  M1903 Springfield  M1917 Browning  MK 1 Grenade

5.  Stokes Mortar  BL Howitzer (8 inch) Range: 5 miles

6.  Mark V  Renault FT

7.  Fokker DR 1 Triplane  Scout C

8.  U boat  Aircraft Carriers  Destroyer

10.  Mark I Trench Knife  50% of the men who went into the trenches made it out unscathed  World War I soldiers were more likely to die from artillery shell explosions than gunfire  99% of abdominal wounds were fatal  No antibiotics yet: so disease killed just as many as weapons

11.  56% of soldiers became casualties in the war!  10% of soldiers died in the trenches  Many went crazy in the trenches  Many just sat and stared  “Thousand yard stare”  Now it is called: Combat Stress Reaction Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome

12. 2 nd Battle of the MarneWhen: July-August, 1918 Where: Marne River Why: Germany’s last big offensive push Who: 58 Allied divisions vs. 52 Central divisions Losses: 270,000 soldiers Winner: Allied troops hold and then start their offensive which leads to the end of the war Notables: Four countries came together to beat back the Germans They used superior scouting and planning

13. CentralAllied Austria-Hungary Germany Ottoman Empire Bulgaria France Russia Serbia Britain Italy US

14. The Reason the US joined WWI:On May 1, 1915 she left New York for England She was loaded with regular passengers and … ammunition for the war! German citizens had been warned in the US not to sail on it A U-boat torpedoed it on May 7 th 11 miles off the coast of Ireland It sank in 18 minutes killing 1,198 people US citizens were outraged since Germany did not follow the rules Germany didn’t care because they claimed it was a war ship since it had ammunition

15. 1 st Battle of the MarneWhen: September, 1914 Where: Marne River in France near Paris Why: Germany was trying to conquer France Who: 2.5 million soldiers Losses: 483,000 soldiers Winner: Allied troops held off the Germans from taking over France and stalled their offensive Notables: Taxis brought the French troops to the front lines Caused the Germans to end their dreams of a quick war Airplanes played a vital role in surveillance and counter attacking

16. Battle of Argonne Forest (Grand Offensive) When: September – November, 1918 Where: The entire western front into Germany Why: Germany was on its heels and the Allied troops pushed them back into submission Who: Almost 750,000 soldiers Losses: Almost 300,000 soldiers Notables: It was very costly in US lives (117,000 men) Finished the war with the Allied forces winning

17. The new ways to kill in WWI:Aircraft – Red Baron and others would fight in air and bombard soldiers on ground Artillery – Guns had such range that you didn’t need to see them to blow them up Artillery Shells – They were more powerful and could be filled with poisonous gases Complete/Total War – With Airplanes and Artillery battles were not fought on just battlefields but now in cities and throughout entire country Submarines – German U-boats sank everything that floated Tanks – To beat trenches, they created armored vehicles that could destroy without being hurt by soldiers

18. A Soldier’s HeartAll Quiet on the Western Front Quickness of Victory: Illusion of Honor in War: Preparation for War: First Glimpse of Battle: Starvation and Lack of Everything: Madness of Killing: The Closeness of Killing: The Constant Danger: Going Crazy: The Impossibility of the Future for the Soldiers: Watching a friend die: The similarity of the enemy: The end and nature:

20. TotalAlliedCentral Military Deaths:9.7 million5.7 million4 million Civilian Deaths:6.7 million3.6 million3.1 million Wounded:21.2 million12.8 million8.4 million Total Casualties:37.6 million22.1 million15.5 million % of population killed: 2%1%5% % of population hurt or killed: 5%3%11% American Stats:116,708 deaths205,690 wounded