1. Validation of Suitable index map using a GIS Approach; an example from a Case Study in Selangor, Malaysia Umi Raihana A. R. & Sharifah Norkhadijah S.I. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia 1

2. OBJECTIVE To validate the site suitability index map to improve the accuracies 2

3. INTRODUCTION Municipal solid waste (MSW) management has become one of the global concerns in developing countries such as Malaysia Urbanisation and economic development lead to large waste produced Landfilling is the main waste disposal method utilised in the country 3

4. Selangor has a total of 20 landfills of which 13 are closed and 7 still operating Most are Level 0 (open dumping) or Level 1 (non-sanitary) Most of the landfills in Selangor are built and operated without proper monitoring facilities and pollution controls 4

5. Landfills being built near to residential area Sharifah Norkhadijah (2011) has suggested areas that suitable for landfill development – GIS and MCDA How accurate of this map? 5

6. Study area: Selangor Figure 1: The population of the urban areas in 2010 of Selangor (Source: Department of Statistic Malaysia, 2010). Selangor has a total area of 8,104 km2 with 5.4 million inhabitants in 2010. This is approximately 20% of Malaysia’s total population 6

7. Method used to produce suitability index map Figure 2: The summary of overall procedure applied 7

8. Figure 3: The mean suitability index and standard deviation 8

9. Table 1: The land use of the candidate sites 9

10. Map validation 10

11. Map validation Visual assessment of the map with the interpolated water quality data. – Determine the differences between maps – Whether it were consistent with the physical characteristic 11

12. Figure 4: River water stations from DOE 12

13. Figure 6: The interpolation of BOD in the whole Selangor with IDW Figure 5: The interpolation of COD with IDW 13

14. Figure 8: The interpolation of TSS in the whole Selangor with IDW 14 Figure 7: The interpolation of Coliform in the whole Selangor with IDW

15. Figure 10: The interpolation of E. coli with IDW 15 Figure 9: The interpolation of Cl with IDW

16. Figure 11: PO4 and NH3NL level in Selangor 16

17. MAP VALIDATION + Overlay the maps Figure 12: The overlay process of the map 17

18. The output…. Figure 13: The comparison of water quality parameter to the suitability index map 18

19. Figure 13: The comparison of water quality parameter to the suitability index map 19

20. Figure 13: The comparison of water quality parameter to the suitability index map 20

21. Figure 13: The comparison of water quality parameter to the suitability index map 21

22. 22 Figure 13: The comparison of water quality parameter to the suitability index map

23. Table 3: The summary of candidate sites determined with high concentration of water quality parameters on the overlay map. 23

24. CONCLUSIONS Suitability index map in Sharifah Norkhadijah (2011) is not consistent with the water quality parameters analysed in this study. Areas designated as high suitability was reported with high level of contaminants – locate landfill on these areas will worsen the environment Except for C8, C10, C11 & C12. 24

25. Thank you 25