1. LCI Reading Fiction Writing domain: Narrative The Lady or the Tiger?

2. Tone the author’s attitude towards a specific subject Example: Unlike the dramatic little princesses in the popular clique, Shania, apparently royal in her own perspective, kept her distance from the throng of cheerleaders.

3. Underline the word(s) which indicate the author’s tone towards Shania? Dramatic little princess Apparently In her own perspective Example: Unlike the dramatic little princesses in the popular clique, Shania, apparently royal in her own perspective, kept her distance from the throng of cheerleaders.

4. Author’s Style is reflected through an author’s choice of words, use of literary devices, structure and rhythm of sentences Example: Ray Bradbury is known for using many simile, metaphors, and personification to make his science fiction novels come alive for his reader. Edgar Allan Poe is also known for using repetition to build suspense in his short story chillers.

5. Describe compare and contrast two authors your class has read.

6. What characterizes Stockton’s style? - Oxymoron - Use of verbal/dramatic irony - Juxtaposition - Parallelism - Elevated language

7. Elevated language often include more sophisticated synonyms to create a formal, grand, or sophisticated tone or mood. Often times, this includes the use of similes, metaphors or more archaic language (easily found in a thesaurus)

8. Elevated language Examples: She smiled blissfully can turn into Her countenance beamed with the moon-glow radiance.

9. Characterization Direct The narrator tells you directly, explicitly. She is a princess. She is tall. She was the apple of his eye. Indirect The author reveals the character indirectly through his/her actions, speech, and what other characters see/say about them. She was the apple of his eye.

10. Oxymoron are often two-word phrases that seen to contradict each other. are often two-word phrases that seen to contradict each other.

11. Oxymorons Examples: A blessed failure A benevolent dictator A fun run A “semi-barbaric princess”

12. Irony is found in speech, an event, a situation, or reaction that occurs completely opposite or different that what is expected. The “ironic twist” can be sad or even cruel; its purpose is to reinforce a message that the author is trying to illustrate in a story.

13. Irony Examples: In the story, “Unbalanced,” the principal dancer in a ballet company, Linda, is being sabotaged by some mysterious company member. Linda eventually discovers that the culprits are her “best friend,” Carla, and Jimmy, her dance partner. As the it turns out, Carla, apparently, not only was jealous of Linda’s position in the company, but also was dating Jimmy.

14. Irony How the ending is unexpected and what message was the author trying to make? One doesn’t expect a “best friend” to so fake, betray and stab you in the back. The author seems to point out that jealousy sure can make a person make some poor choices!

15. Verbal Irony Saying the opposite of what you mean Saying the opposite of what you mean “This was the king’s semi-barbaric method of administering justice. Its perfect fairness is obvious.” “This was the king’s semi-barbaric method of administering justice. Its perfect fairness is obvious.”

16. Dramatic Irony The audience knows something the characters do not The audience knows something the characters do not

17. Dramatic Irony The audience knows something the characters do not The audience knows something the characters do not

18. Juxtaposition are created when one places two contrasting images, concepts right next to each other in a sentence. The contrast can create a clearer and more vivid image for the reader, or, can contribute more to a sense of irony. are created when one places two contrasting images, concepts right next to each other in a sentence. The contrast can create a clearer and more vivid image for the reader, or, can contribute more to a sense of irony.

19. Juxtaposition Examples: “Ain’t no mountain high enough, ain’t no valley low enough…to keep me away from you” are some song lyrics. Examples: “Ain’t no mountain high enough, ain’t no valley low enough…to keep me away from you” are some song lyrics. What are the opposing ideas and what are the effect of the contrasting images. The two contrasting ideas are high and low; to describe a love that has such a range in altitude proves how this love is so vast and all- encompassing.

20. Juxtaposition “The criminal…was to devoured or married” (2) “The criminal…was to devoured or married” (2) “When the people gathered…they never knew whether they were to witness a bloody slaughter or a hilarious wedding” (3). “When the people gathered…they never knew whether they were to witness a bloody slaughter or a hilarious wedding” (3).

21. Parallelism Phrases/clauses within a sentence are repeated or Phrases/clauses within a sentence are repeated or “The question was asked in a flash; it must be answered in another.” “The question was asked in a flash; it must be answered in another.” On some occasions the tiger came out of one door, and on some out of the other.” On some occasions the tiger came out of one door, and on some out of the other.” A string of successive sentences follow the same phrase/clause pattern. A string of successive sentences follow the same phrase/clause pattern. “Never before had such a case occurred; never before had a subject dared to love the daughter of the king.” “Never before had such a case occurred; never before had a subject dared to love the daughter of the king.”

22. Conflict describes the problem a character faces; it is either an opposition between the character and an external source – society, nature, another person – or between values or viewpoints within the character. describes the problem a character faces; it is either an opposition between the character and an external source – society, nature, another person – or between values or viewpoints within the character.

23. Conflict Examples: Johnny faced the school bully with courage. But inside, he still hadn’t decided if he would betray his friend, or engage in a fist fight for his friend. Examples: Johnny faced the school bully with courage. But inside, he still hadn’t decided if he would betray his friend, or engage in a fist fight for his friend. Identify who and what are the “opponents” in the example, and which is an example of external conflict and internal conflict. Johnny is challenged by another mean boy – his external conflict. At the same time, he faces internal conflict as he is torn between loyalty to a friend and fear.

24. Suspense Is created not just by the basic plot line itself between two choices but also by Stockton’s use of these devices that at once mix parallel yet contradictory elements. Is created not just by the basic plot line itself between two choices but also by Stockton’s use of these devices that at once mix parallel yet contradictory elements.