1. Readings Annual Editions Annual Editions Zinn: Chapter 15 pages 377-386 Zinn: Chapter 15 pages 377-386 SECURITY VS. LIBERTY handout !! SECURITY VS. LIBERTY handout !! BR BR BA BA American Spirit American Spirit

2. Post War Turmoil Lecture 1

3. THE RED SCARE

4. Widespread fear of a communist revolution which led to persecution of radicals and aliens Widespread fear of a communist revolution which led to persecution of radicals and aliens

5. THE RED SCARE Contributing factors : Contributing factors : initially set off by The 1917 Bolshevik (Communist) Revolution in Russia initially set off by The 1917 Bolshevik (Communist) Revolution in Russia Concerns about the communist threat grew in 1919 Concerns about the communist threat grew in 1919 Soviet government announced the formation of the Comintern (Communist International) Soviet government announced the formation of the Comintern (Communist International) purpose was to export revolution around the world purpose was to export revolution around the world Some Americans believed Bolsheviks were the inspiration behind the labor unrest of 1919 Some Americans believed Bolsheviks were the inspiration behind the labor unrest of 1919 Communist party members in the United States Communist party members in the United States In theory, a system in which society as a whole owns all property and individuals share goods equally In theory, a system in which society as a whole owns all property and individuals share goods equally

6. THE RED SCARE Contributing factors : Contributing factors : Anarchists Anarchists A utopian society of individuals who enjoy complete freedom without government A utopian society of individuals who enjoy complete freedom without government Bomb scares and actual bombings Bomb scares and actual bombings Nativism Nativism The post-war economy The post-war economy many Americans felt hostile towards workers going on strike in 1919 because they feared that radicals had inspired the strikes many Americans felt hostile towards workers going on strike in 1919 because they feared that radicals had inspired the strikes Labor Unrest exploited as “sovietism” Labor Unrest exploited as “sovietism”

7. The Post War Economy

8. Causes of the economic downturn in 1919 Causes of the economic downturn in 1919 rapid rise in prices after the war rapid rise in prices after the war sudden cancellation of government contracts at the end of the war sudden cancellation of government contracts at the end of the war abrupt ending of government controls on the economy abrupt ending of government controls on the economy Causes of the labor unrest that followed the end of the war : Causes of the labor unrest that followed the end of the war : some employers reneged on promises they had made to labor during the war some employers reneged on promises they had made to labor during the war high inflation had cut workers’ buying power high inflation had cut workers’ buying power Rising prices and a shortage of jobs made many Americans bitter after World War I Rising prices and a shortage of jobs made many Americans bitter after World War I A rise in prices which causes a decline in the value of money - INFLATION A rise in prices which causes a decline in the value of money - INFLATION many people suffered hard working conditions and long hours many people suffered hard working conditions and long hours Union gains lost after the war Union gains lost after the war

9. The Post War Economy Some business people used the red scare to break the backs of fledgling unions Some business people used the red scare to break the backs of fledgling unions

10. Strikes Seattle Strike Seattle Strike Boston Police Boston Police Steelworkers (Steel Mills) Steel strike of 1919 Steelworkers (Steel Mills) Steel strike of 1919

11. Boston Police Strike To justify his actions in the Boston Police Strike, the Governor of Massachusetts, Calvin Coolidge said these memorable words: To justify his actions in the Boston Police Strike, the Governor of Massachusetts, Calvin Coolidge said these memorable words: There is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, any time There is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, any time

12. Seattle Strike Seattle was the location of the General Strike in 1919 fueled the Red Scare Seattle was the location of the General Strike in 1919 fueled the Red Scare A General Strike is … A General Strike is … A work stoppage by all the workers in a community A work stoppage by all the workers in a community Striking on behalf of fellow workers in other industries Striking on behalf of fellow workers in other industries

13. Palmer Raids Wilson’s Attorney General = A. MITCHELL PALMER Wilson’s Attorney General = A. MITCHELL PALMER most tenacious pursuer of “radical” elements during the red scare most tenacious pursuer of “radical” elements during the red scare believed the whole country was threatened by Communists and anarchists believed the whole country was threatened by Communists and anarchists Allowed to round up thousands of suspected alien leftists, beat them up, arraigned them without defense attorneys and generally violated their constitutional rights (deportations) Allowed to round up thousands of suspected alien leftists, beat them up, arraigned them without defense attorneys and generally violated their constitutional rights (deportations) ALIEN - A foreign born resident who has not been a naturalized and is still a citizen of a foreign country; a foreign born citizen ALIEN - A foreign born resident who has not been a naturalized and is still a citizen of a foreign country; a foreign born citizen NATURALIZED - To admit to citizenship NATURALIZED - To admit to citizenship

14. The Red Scare resulted in all of the following actions The Red Scare resulted in all of the following actions the government summarily deported many radicals who were not citizens the government summarily deported many radicals who were not citizens mobs committed acts of violence against supposed radicals mobs committed acts of violence against supposed radicals state governments arrested and jailed hundreds on sedition charges state governments arrested and jailed hundreds on sedition charges Security vs. Liberty again …. Security vs. Liberty again …. See handout – xc research paper See handout – xc research paper Watch movie – REDS – xc video report Watch movie – REDS – xc video report

15. Sacco and Vanzetti Were Italian aliens, atheists, draft dodgers, radicals Were Italian aliens, atheists, draft dodgers, radicals Were convicted of murder & robbery Were convicted of murder & robbery Many critics believed that Sacco and Vanzetti Many critics believed that Sacco and Vanzetti were martyrs in the “class struggle” were martyrs in the “class struggle” Judge Thayer was biased and prejudiced in the case Judge Thayer was biased and prejudiced in the case weak evidence = serious flaws in the evidence weak evidence = serious flaws in the evidence Were convicted because of Were convicted because of their radical views their radical views the anti-red atmosphere of the time and nativism the anti-red atmosphere of the time and nativism A later investigation concluded that Sacco may have been guilty but Vanzetti probably innocent A later investigation concluded that Sacco may have been guilty but Vanzetti probably innocent

16. Both the Palmer Raids and the Sacco and Vanzetti case Both the Palmer Raids and the Sacco and Vanzetti case cited as evidence in the aftermath of World War I of the depth of feeling in America against radicalism cited as evidence in the aftermath of World War I of the depth of feeling in America against radicalism Fear of radicalism = Tolerance of civil rights violations (Security v. Liberty) Fear of radicalism = Tolerance of civil rights violations (Security v. Liberty)

17. NATIVISM = prejudice against foreign-born people Many American workers feared that immigrants would take their jobs

18. Emergency Quota Act (1921) Imposed QUOTAS based on nationality Imposed QUOTAS based on nationality Based on 1910 census Based on 1910 census intended to limit the immigration of certain groups to America intended to limit the immigration of certain groups to America

19. The Immigration Act of 1924 aka The National Origins Act of 1924 aka The National Origins Act of 1924 Imposed new QUOTAS Imposed new QUOTAS Based on 1890 census Based on 1890 census intended to limit the immigration of certain groups to America (more restrictive than the 1921 act) intended to limit the immigration of certain groups to America (more restrictive than the 1921 act) tended to discriminate against southern and eastern Europeans tended to discriminate against southern and eastern Europeans favored immigrants from northern and western Europe favored immigrants from northern and western Europe result of nativist belief that northern Europeans were superior to southern and eastern Europeans result of nativist belief that northern Europeans were superior to southern and eastern Europeans

20. Immigration Policy In the 1920’s, proponents of legislation to restrict immigration argued that the bill would contribute to the efficient and productive operation of society In the 1920’s, proponents of legislation to restrict immigration argued that the bill would contribute to the efficient and productive operation of society

21. DOCUMENT E  Philadelphia Inquirer, 1919  “PUT THEM OUT AND KEEP THEM OUT”  Shows “anarchy,” “reds” and “Bolshevism” under the American flag  Portrays the Russian communism influence in the U.S.  Influence is disturbing America; it doesn’t belong

22. Ozawa vs. US The National Origins Act of 1924 banned entirely immigration from east Asia The National Origins Act of 1924 banned entirely immigration from east Asia Case in which the Supreme Court decided that Asians could not become citizens of the United States Case in which the Supreme Court decided that Asians could not become citizens of the United States

23. Immigration Restriction DBQ Pre-write and Doc analysis Pre-write and Doc analysis DUE FRIDAY DUE FRIDAY

24. DOCUMENT A  U.S. Bureau of Immigration’s Annual Report of Immigration, 1924  Outlines Immigration Act of 1924  Uses census of 1890 instead of 1910  Compares the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 to the Immigration Act of 1924  Act of 1924 allows less immigrants into the U.S.  Since nativism had continued to grow, Americans attempted to further restrict the immigration flow

25. 35 minutes – Write an FRQ essay on Nativism 35 minutes – Write an FRQ essay on Nativism 5 minutes - Pass out rubric and outside information 5 minutes - Pass out rubric and outside information 5 minutes – student plan their essay – pre- write 5 minutes – student plan their essay – pre- write 30 minutes – write essay & turn in 30 minutes – write essay & turn in Pass out sample essays with grader comments Pass out sample essays with grader comments Race Relations(1920’s) 2003 FRQ Race Relations(1920’s) 2003 FRQ Lecture Lecture Nativism Nativism Anti-immigration laws Anti-immigration laws Emergency Quota Act, 1921 Emergency Quota Act, 1921 National Origins Act, 1924 National Origins Act, 1924 Sacco and Vanzetti Sacco and Vanzetti