1. CREDIT SEMINAR PHARMACOLOGY of SEABUCKTHORN (Hippophae rhamnoides) PRESENTED BY DR. MILINDMITRA K. LONARE (V-2002-30-13) DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY COVAS, CSKHPKV, PALAMPUR-176062 (INDIA) DATE:29-01-2003

4. ♪ Grows naturally in cold countries on river sides, hill top & sun facing mountains ♪ India- found in dry temporate Himalayas ♪ Himachal pradesh-found in Chamba, Kinnaur, Kullu& Lahaul-Spiti ♪ It is quality fuel wood and fodder ♪ Potential health food

5. Historical Background ♪ First report - China (8 th century), In Yue Wang You Zhen medicinal classic ♪ Second report – Tibetan & Mongolia (18 th century), in Sibu Yidian (Tibetan classic) ♪ India – used locally since time immemorial ♪ officially listed by Chinese Pharmacopoeias by ministry of public health (1977)

6. Composition & Functions Fruit juice: Fruit juice: 60-80 %, 190 kinds of bioactive substances 1.Organic acids (malic/oxalic/unidentified acids) - Terminating toxicity - Terminating toxicity - Protection from teratogenesis & X-ray damage - Protection from teratogenesis & X-ray damage - Prevention from side-effects of O 2 therapy - Prevention from side-effects of O 2 therapy 2.Betaines (methylation of glycine) - prevents & cures arteriosclerosis - prevents & cures arteriosclerosis - anti-inflammatory - anti-inflammatory

7. 3. Triterpene (ursolic acid) - adrenocorticotropic mimetic - controls action of Na + & Cl - - anti-inflammatory activity 4.Flavonoids (flavonol, catechin, lukocyanidin & flavone) - prevents vit-C oxidation - lowers cholesterol levels - lowers cholesterol levels - anti-microbial & anti-inflammatory - anti-allergic & anti-tumorogenic

8. 5.5–HT (5 - hydroxytryptamine) - regulates B.P. and temperature - regulates B.P. and temperature - influences sleep, intestinal motility, hormonal level & emotions - influences sleep, intestinal motility, hormonal level & emotions - promote coagulation 6.β- amyrinoleylalcohol acid - dilates cardiac & cerebral vessels - facilitates blood circulation 7.Coumarins - strengthen capillary function - anti-tumorogenic, anti-numbness and anti-pyretic

9. 8.Triterpene (ursolic acid) - adrenocorticotropic mimetic - controls action of Na + & Cl - - anti-inflammatory activity 9.Amino acids & Minerals 10.Flavoxanthin, cryptoxanthin and violaxanthin

10. 11.Progestin 12.Vitamins - β-carotenes (250 mg/100gm) - β-carotenes (250 mg/100gm) - Vit.-C, K, E - Vit.-C, K, E 13.Steroides (ergosterols, stigma sterols, lanosterols & amyrins ) 14.Tannic acid 15.Fatty acids

11. Seed oil: Seed oil: 8-18 %, 106 bioactive substances 1.22 kinds of fatty acids (saturated-13.7% & unsaturated-86.3%) - linolenic acid (omega-3 & 6) - oleic acid- control cholesterol level - anti-diabetics, obesity & cancer - anti-diabetics, obesity & cancer - essential for fat soluble vitamins - essential for fat soluble vitamins

12. 2.6 knds of fat soluble vitamins - vit.A; carotene-249mg/100g - vit.E-203mg/100g - vit.K-150mg/100g 3.36 kinds of flavonoids and phenols - anti-oxidation, anti-radiation - enhancement of cachettin & quassium functions

13. 4.42 kinds of phospholipids - strengthen the membrane mitochondria - participation in electron migration - oxidative phosphorylation & cellular metabolism Fruit residue: Fruit residue: - 20 % of total wt. - rich in proteins, amino acids, carotene, vitamin C (426-503 mg/100g), microelements

14. Nutritional value Parts CP (%) EE (%) Ash (%) Cu(ppm) Zn (ppm) Fe (ppm) Leaves28.42.811.80.2039.668.4 Bark17.82.34.71.46.4183 Branch13.71.96.81.815.2177

16. Effect of fodder supplementation AnimalSupplementationEffect Weak pig Leaves Wt. gain, 9-13 % GoatLeaves Inc. Milk, 6-7 % Chicken Leaves, fruit, seed Wt. gain, 9-13 % Layer Leaves, fruit, seed Laying cap., 26 %

18. Healing potential Plays role in ulcer, wound and skin burn Plays role in ulcer, wound and skin burn Causes regeneration of tissues Causes regeneration of tissues Granulation of tissue formation (8 days) Granulation of tissue formation (8 days) Antimicrobial activity Purified tannin from SBT having play role Purified tannin from SBT having play role Having broad spectrum activity Having broad spectrum activity

19. Cytoproctective & Anti-oxidant activity CEH having capacity of anti-oxidant CEH having capacity of anti-oxidant Increases elimination of free radical Increases elimination of free radical Decreases glutathione peroxidase and glutathione level Decreases glutathione peroxidase and glutathione level Decreases cytotoxicity and apoptosis Decreases cytotoxicity and apoptosis Restore the phagocytic activity Restore the phagocytic activity

20. Role in age related memory disorder Prevent neurological, endocrine & metabolic effects Prevent neurological, endocrine & metabolic effects Alter the level of amines Alter the level of amines Prevent Ach level loss Prevent Ach level loss

21. Nerophysiological adaptation (Cold stress) Prevent cardiovascular response to cold stress Prevent cardiovascular response to cold stress Reduces epinephrine and norepinephrine level Reduces epinephrine and norepinephrine level Reduces plasma cortisol level Reduces plasma cortisol level

22. Cardiovascular diseases Omega-3 fatty acid decreases risk Omega-3 fatty acid decreases risk Decreases total and LDL cholesterol, triglyceroides & lipoproteins Decreases total and LDL cholesterol, triglyceroides & lipoproteins Alter the platelet aggregation factor Alter the platelet aggregation factor Strengthen the myocardial contraction Strengthen the myocardial contraction

23. Immune mechanism Prevent membrane phosphorylatio Prevent membrane phosphorylatio Prod. of Eicosanoids & cytokines Prod. of Eicosanoids & cytokines Increases serum lysosomes & Alexin level Increases serum lysosomes & Alexin level Increases natural killer cell level Increases natural killer cell level Enhances T-lymphocyte proliferation & IL-2 secretion Enhances T-lymphocyte proliferation & IL-2 secretion

24. Anti-inflammatory activity Carotene, Vit. E & PUFA play role Carotene, Vit. E & PUFA play role Counter checks senilism by controlling proteometabolism and metabolism of nucleic acid Counter checks senilism by controlling proteometabolism and metabolism of nucleic acid Prevent damage due to radiation Prevent damage due to radiation Facilitate the exudation & hematopedesis Facilitate the exudation & hematopedesis Enhances cellular infiltration & metabolism Enhances cellular infiltration & metabolism

25. Anti-tumorigenesis Direct act through general immunity Direct act through general immunity Inhibits the growth of gastric carcinoma & lymphatic leukemia Inhibits the growth of gastric carcinoma & lymphatic leukemia Blocks the synthesis of N-nitrosomolane Blocks the synthesis of N-nitrosomolane Increases superoxide dismutase activity Increases superoxide dismutase activity

26. Other activities Protects from pain in stomach, liver, chest & lumbar region Protects from pain in stomach, liver, chest & lumbar region Prevents hepatic damage - CCl4, alcohol & paracetamol Prevents hepatic damage - CCl4, alcohol & paracetamol Used in gynecological ailments Used in gynecological ailments Used for treatment of cough & cleaning lung Used for treatment of cough & cleaning lung Used as cosmetic Used as cosmetic

27. Toxicity Acute & chronic toxicity Acute & chronic toxicity Toxic dose: Toxic dose: Oil: 20-30 % in diet Oil: 20-30 % in diet Effects- other than vegetative & CNS Effects- other than vegetative & CNS Fruit: 40 % in diet Fruit: 40 % in diet Increases bilirubin Increases bilirubin Decreases TLC Decreases TLC Fruits: 100 % feeding Fruits: 100 % feeding Fatal to all animals Fatal to all animals

28. Store-house of many bioactive substances Store-house of many bioactive substances Possesses diverse pharmacological activities Possesses diverse pharmacological activities Useful for prevention of diseases Useful for prevention of diseases Has great nutritional value Has great nutritional value As a alternative remedy for treatment of diseases As a alternative remedy for treatment of diseases

29. THANKS