1. “MITOCHONDRIAL EVE” THEORY - The mitochondrial DNA in modern humans was inherited from one common female ancestor in Africa ~200,000 years ago.

2. Mitochondria StructureStructure-cristae -matrix -matrix FunctionsFunctions -generate energy -cellular respiration -heat production Origin – symbiosis of primitive bacteria and eukaryotic cellsOrigin – symbiosis of primitive bacteria and eukaryotic cells

3. Mitochondrial DNA Double-stranded, circularDouble-stranded, circular 16,569 base pairs16,569 base pairs Independent replicationIndependent replication No recombinationNo recombination No DNA repairNo DNA repair 10X higher mutation rate10X higher mutation rate

4. Mitochondria & Fertilization Oocytes have 100,000 mitochondriaOocytes have 100,000 mitochondria Sperm have < 100 mitochondriaSperm have < 100 mitochondria Sperm mitochondria is destroyed after fertilizationSperm mitochondria is destroyed after fertilization Mitochondria is only inherited from the motherMitochondria is only inherited from the mother

5. “MITOCHONDRIAL EVE” THEORY - The mitochondrial DNA in modern humans was inherited from one common female ancestor in Africa ~200,000 years ago.

6. Possible Causes/Events for Mitochondrial Eve BottleneckBottleneck Random Genetic DriftRandom Genetic Drift ParthenogenesisParthenogenesis

7. The Parthenon

8. Molecular Evidence DNA Restriction AnalysisDNA Restriction Analysis SequencingSequencing

9. Evolutionary Tree

10. Anthropological Evidence HumanHumanbones toolstools

11. Summary Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the motherMitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother A population bottleneck likely resulted in Mitochondrial EveA population bottleneck likely resulted in Mitochondrial Eve Molecular and anthropological evidence support the theory of Mitochondrial EveMolecular and anthropological evidence support the theory of Mitochondrial Eve

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