1. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 9: Addressing Aggressive Behaviors Created by: Elizabeth A. Borreca, Teresa Langford and Ellen Stack University of St. Thomas, Houston, TX

2. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 2 Chapter 9:Outline An Introduction To Antisocial Behavior Documenting and Understanding Aggressive Behavior Teacher-Mediated Strategies Peer-Mediated Strategies Self-Mediated Strategies

3. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 3 Chapter 9: Objectives After completing this chapter, you should be able to: Offer reasons why students engage in antisocial behavior Conduct a functional analysis of aggressive behavior Identify alternatives to verbal confrontations with students Implement interventions for teaching students with aggression

4. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 4 Case Study/Introduction Read the case study on page 260 Form some hypotheses about factors that contribute to Terylyn’s behavior Why do you think she acts out in some situations but not in others?

5. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 5 Discussion Read the overview on pages 260 – 261 List factors that contribute to the development of antisocial behaviors

6. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 6 Discussion Use the after-the-fact ABC form on page 262 to detect patterns in aggression Analysis of incidents of aggression can help develop interventions that prevent these behaviors Discuss the “Helen” example on page 262. Look for patterns

7. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 7 Teacher-Mediated Strategies Academic Intervention Review Table 9-1 on page 264 Carefully plan instruction that will not frustrate student Assess student’s academic skills

8. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 8 Teacher-Mediated Strategies Verbal De-escalation Consider normal developmental patterns and keep your sense of humor Pick your battles—let students win sometimes. Avoid power struggles Talk with students in private after everyone is calm Avoid needing the last word Listen carefully to identify the real problem

9. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 9 Teacher-Mediated Strategies Verbal De-escalation (cont) Don’t be sarcastic Let students save face Don’t sweat the small stuff Set limits but avoid ultimatums Take charge of yourself Get to know your students

10. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 10 Teacher-Mediated Strategies Anger Management Training Goal is to help students: Identify the antecedents to their anger Identify their own reactions Select good choices

11. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 11 Teacher-Mediated Strategies Social Competence Training Social skills deficits impact aggression Use social competence training (chapter 8) Combine with contingency management Plan for generalization across settings and people by involving as many people as possible in the training

12. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 12 Teacher-Mediated Strategies Contingency Management Strategies Pinpoint the target behavior(s) Identify antecedents to the problem behavior Intervene by changing the antecedents to prevent the behavior Example: Antecedent to aggression: Peer teasing Intervention: Prevent teasing through teaching or consequence strategies

13. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 13 Teacher-Mediated Strategies Token Reinforcement Response Cost Develop system for giving points for wanted behaviors and fines for unwanted behaviors. See page 269 for example

14. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 14 Teacher-Mediated Strategies Guidelines for Response Cost (cont) Explain system carefully Tie to reinforcement system Implement response cost immediately after the unwanted behavior occurs Use system each time behavior occurs Don’t let student lose more points than earned

15. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 15 Teacher-Mediated Strategies Guidelines for Response Cost cont. Control ratio of points earned to points lost Be impersonal when points are lost Praise appropriate behavior

16. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 16 Teacher-Mediated Strategies Time-Out from Reinforcement In-school suspension doesn’t work because aggressive students are often happy to be removed from their classrooms which are perceived as being aversive Use frequent positive reinforcement to break vicious cycle Consult your supervisor

17. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 17 Teacher-Mediated Strategies Crisis Intervention Take annual refresher class on nonviolent crisis intervention Have a well rehearsed crisis response plan See Table 9-2 (p. 271) for readiness drill for aggressive events

18. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 18 Teacher-Mediated Strategies Working with Mental Health Challenges Do’s: Keep communication simple, clear, brief Ask one question at a time Stick to current issues only Stay calm Minimize distractions Pay attention to nonverbal behavior of yourself and others Help identify feelings Show empathy for feelings Acknowledge what has been heard and expressed Pick a good time to communicate concerns

19. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 19 Teacher-Mediated Strategies Working with Mental Health Challenges Don’ts: Don’t argue Avoid giving advice Avoid interrupting Don’t talk down No name calling Don’t generalize or yell Don’t personalize

20. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 20 Peer-Mediated Strategies Use the student’s peer group to reduce aggressive behaviors Peer confrontation Conflict resolution Peers as teachers of anger management

21. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 21 Peer-Mediated Strategies Peer Confrontation Peers confront the inappropriate behavior of a classmate Identify the effects of the behavior Engage in joint problem solving Requires supervision and training by experienced adult leader

22. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 22 Peer-Mediated Strategies Conflict Resolution Peers meet with classmates and help work out problems Peer mediators are trained and supervised by adults

23. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 23 Peer-Mediated Strategies Peers as Teachers of Anger Management Peer trainers (nondisabled students) instruct classmates with emotional and behavioral disorders to control their anger Peer trainers use scripts, role-play situations and a three-step response

24. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 24 Self-Mediated Strategies Because aggression is an interpersonal behavior, self-management alone will not remediate the problem Use in conjunction with contingency management and learning alternative behaviors Self-recording can be used to teach students to identify the triggers of aggressive behavior Teach ABC analysis

25. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 25 Case Study Read case study on pages 276-284 Discuss questions on page 283

26. Mary Margaret Kerr and C. Michael Nelson Strategies for Addressing Behavior Problems in the Classroom 5e Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. 26 Summary Environmentally mediated practices are necessary but not sufficient to change misbehavior. Teacher-mediated interventions include self- monitoring as well as token economies. Peer-mediated interventions can be powerful but require preparation and planning Self-management strategies promote generalization of new behaviors to other settings.