1. The Antislavery Movement Chapter 9:ii [Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 258.]

2. Free and Enslaved Black Population

3. The abolitionist movement to end slavery grew in size and scope during the early- 1800s in spite of intense opposition from southerners. [Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 266.]

4. The abolitionist movement was firmly grounded in the religious faith of those who participated. [Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 222.]

5. The debate over slavery increased existing tensions between the North and the South. [Image source: http://www.germantown.k12.il.us/gifs/usa1.GIF]

6. The Mennonites staged the earliest known antislavery protests. [Image source: http://www.johnvolk.cncoffice.com/images/Linda/Full7.jpg]

7. “There is a saying, that we should do to all men like as we will be done ourselves; making no difference of what generation, descent, or colour they are. And those who steal or rob men, and those who buy or purchase them, are they not all alike?” - Resolutions of Germantown Mennonites, 1688 [Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 270.]

8. By 1807, every state north of Maryland had passed laws gradually abolishing slavery. [Image source: http://www.ancestry.com/search/rectype/reference/maps/freeimages.asp?ImageID=351]

9. Newspapers published by people such as Benjamin Lundy called for the gradual emancipation of all slaves. [Image source: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ USASlundy.jpg]

10. [Image source: http://www.tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/images/lundycover.jpg]

11. The African Colonization Society sought to colonize the coast of Africa with freed black slaves. [Image source: http://www.vts.edu/logue/annrpage/liberia.jpg]

12. Fearful of slave revolt, some plantation owners supported the efforts of the African Colonization Society. [Image source: http://memory.loc.gov/pnp/cph/3a30000/3a39000/3a39200/3a39248r.jpg]

13. Daniel Webster was one of the key supporters of the idea and a member of the African Colonization Society. [Images ource: http://www.americaslibrary.gov/assets/jb/jb_0726_liberia_2_m.jpg]

14. The present-day country of Liberia was established in 1822 as a sanctuary for freed American slaves. [Image source: http://www.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/africa/08/25/liberia.journalists/map.liberia.monrovia.jpg]

15. William Lloyd Garrison of Boston was probably the most famous of the radical abolitionists. [Image source: http://www.npg.si.edu/img2/brush/big/biggarris.jpg]

16. Garrison began publishing the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator in 1831. [Image source: http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/underground/graphics/liberat.jpg]

17. “I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation.... I am in earnest - I will not equivocate - I will not excuse - I will not retreat a single inch - AND I WILL BE HEARD.” - William Lloyd Garrison, in the first issue of The Liberator, 1831.

18. With support from both white and black abolitionists, Garrison founded the American Anti- Slavery Society in 1833. [Image source: http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/anticon.jpg]

19. The American Anti-Slavery Society had some 1,000 local chapters with roughly 150,000 members by 1835.

20. Frederick Douglass was the nation’s most influential African- American abolitionist during the Antebellum Period. [Image source: http://www.npg.si.edu/img2/brush/big/bi gdoug.jpg]

21. His ability to articulate his personal experiences with slavery made Frederick Douglass a much sought after speaker. [Image source: http://www.nara.gov/nara/nn/nns/civil130.jpg]

22. Frederick Douglass published an abolitionist paper called The North Star from 1847 to 1860.

23. “They who profess to favor freedom, and yet deprecate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground, they want rain without thunder and lightning. They want the ocean without the awful roar of its many waters.” - Frederick Douglass

24. The diverse backgrounds of the abolitionists resulted in divisions within the antislavery movement: 1. Could women participate? 2. Could white and black people work together as abolitionists? 3. What kind of tactics could be employed?

25. Sarah and Angelina Grimke devoted their lives to ending slavery.

26. Ex-slaves such as Sojourner Truth were among the most eloquent spokespersons for the antislavery movement. [Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 269.]

27. Harvard-educated Dr. Martin Delany, a co-founder of the North Star, was a frequent critic of the participation of white abolitionists in the antislavery movement. [Image source: http://www.wvhc.com/images/delany.jpg]

28. Abolitionist Arthur Tappan disagreed with the tactics used by William Lloyd Garrison. [Image source: http://www.whatsaiththescripture.com/Graphics.Voice/A.T.Pierson.sm.jpg]

29. Along with his brother Lewis, Arthur Tappan formed the short-lived Liberty Party in 1840. [Image source: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co. uk/USAStappanL.jpg]

30. The Tappan brothers were joined in their efforts by James Birney, a former slave-owner. [Image source: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASbirney.jpg]

31. The Liberty Party siphoned- off just enough votes from the Whig Party in the election of 1844 to give the presidency to James K. Polk. [Image source: http://www.jameskpolk.com/POLK2.GIF]

33. Probably the most famous “conductor” on the Underground Railroad was Harriet Tubman. [Image source: http://fargo.itp.tsoa.nyu.edu/~nance/soulsista/tubman.jpg]

34. Harriet Tubman is believed to have led more than 300 slaves to their freedom in the North.

35. At one point slave-owners offered a bounty of $40,000 for the apprehension of Harriet Tubman. [Image source: http://www.tourauburnny.com/Art/Tu bmanLg.jpg]

36. [Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 273.]

37. Nat Turner’s rebellion in 1831 made southerners more determined to defend slavery.

38. Presbyterian minister Elijah Parish Lovejoy was martyred when an angry mob attacked his newspaper office in Alton, Illinois. [Image source: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USA Slovejoy.htm]

39. [Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 271.]

40. [Image source: http://www.greatriverroad.com/Cities/Alton/alt onImages/lilLovejoy084.jpg]

41. John Quincy Adams religiously introduced legislation for removing the gag rule prohibiting the House of Representatives from discussing antislavery petitions. [Image source: http://www.si.edu/archives/thisday/j anuary/johnqadams.jpg]

42. Free and Enslaved Black Population