1. Gina Schaarschmidt, Teacher-Librarian Edith Wolford Elementary School Academy School District 20 Colorado Springs

2. The student accesses information efficiently and effectively by reading and understanding essential content of a range of informational texts and documents in all academic areas. 21st Century Skills in Colorado's Reading, Writing and Communicating Standards http://www.cde.state.co.us/CoReadingWriting/RWC_21st_Century_Skills.asp

3. 4 th grade Reading, Writing and Communicating: Research and Reasoning 4 th grade Social Studies: History, Geography Grades 6-8 Reading Standards for Literacy in History, Social Studies, Science and Technical Subjects

4. Started from St. Louis in July 1806 to: make contact and negotiate peace with and among several American Indian groups, explore the headwaters of the Arkansas River, locate the source of the Red River, and descend it to the Mississippi, and “tour” the “interior parts of New Spain.” From www.americanjourneys.org; Wisconsin Historical Society

5. 1.Introduce/define primary source. 2.Connect previous knowledge and set the stage. 3.Demonstrate and practice reading an online primary source, using links and navigation features. 4.Introduce language conventions and vocabulary of the time period. 5.Practice reading the online primary source and summarizing the journal entries. 6.Construct and express new understandings.

7. Introduce census John Apostolas Laura Ingalls Wilder Introduce journals Laura Ingalls Wilder Zebulon Pike What is a primary source? Shown: 1920 Census, El Paso County ; 1880 Census, territory of South Dakota; journal excerpt National Archives

8. What do you know about Zebulon Pike? The Louisiana Purchase? What do you know about Colorado in the winter? Can you see Pikes Peak from here? How long do you think it would take to walk there and climb the mountain? Pikes Peak photo from Wikimedia Commons. Snow photograph from Microsoft Office clipart.

9. December 25, 1806 January 5, 1807. The men are starving and freezing.

10. What do you make of the curvy paths? The loops? The timeframe? Colorado map from Microsoft clipart Pike in Central Colorado map courtesy of Hal Jackson (map author) and the Pike National Historic Trail Association., www.zebulonpike.org.

11. Mexican Mountains Arkansaw Pawnee Tetaus Dr. Robinson Baroney breastwork Reaumer (Reaumur)

12. Place on the page Page links Document identification Text search More tools

14. Colorado Department of Education. (2008). 21st Century Skills in Colorado's Reading, Writing and Communicating Standards. Colorado Department of Education. Accessed February 28, 2013. Houck, Tharen. Primary Sources. (n.d.) Blake, Heritage and Waite Elementary Schools Medina City School District. Accessed February 28, 2013. Jackson, Hal. Pike in Central Colorado. (n.d.) Pike National Historic Trail Association. Accessed February 28, 2013. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices, Council of Chief State School Officers. (2010). Common Core State Standards Grades 6-8 Reading Standards for Literacy in History, Social Studies, Science and Technical Subjects. Pike, Zebulon Montgomery. (1807). A Map of the Internal Provinces of New Spain. Library of Congress, Washington. JPEG file. Accessed February 28, 2013. Pike, Zebulon Montgomery. (1810). An Account of Expeditions to the Sources of the Mississippi, and Through the Western Parts of Louisiana, to the Sources of the Arkansaw, Kans, La Platte, and Pierre Jaun, Rivers. Philadelphia: Published by C. & A. Conrad, & Co.; Somervell & Conrad; Bonsal, Conrad and Co.; and Fielding Lucas, Jr. online facsimile edition at www.americanjourneys.org/aj-032/. Accessed February 28, 2013.

15. Edith Wolford Elementary School Academy School District 20 gina.schaarschmidt@asd20.org www.asd20.org/ewe