2. Meet the Delegates!

3. WITH THE NATIONS MANY PROBLEMS MANY PEOPLE BEGAN TO CRITICIZE THE ARTICLES WEALTHY INDIVIDUALS FEARED ANARCHY & REVOLUTION THEY CALL FOR A STRONG FEDERAL GOVERNMENT!

4. A MEETING CALLED IN PHILADELPHIA TO FIX THE ARTICLES IN 1787 Problems 1. National Security 2. Stabilize the Economy 3. Pay war debt 4. Define authority of Federal gov’t

5. GEORGE WASHINGTON (CHAIRMEN) BEN FRANKLIN JAMES MADISON “FATHER OF THE CONSTITUTION” ALEXANDER HAMILTON

6. THOMAS JEFFERSON, JOHN ADAMS, THOMAS PAINE, JOHN HACOCK & PATRICK HENRY DID NOT ATTEND

7. What influenced the Founding Fathers & Enlightenment ideas!

8. ALL 13 STATES HAD A CONSTITUTION – USED AS A MODEL FOR FEDERAL GOV’T POWER OF GOV’T SEPERATED BETWEEN EQUAL BRANCHES (LEGISLATURE, EXECUTIVE, JUDICIAL) BILL OF RIGHTS FOR CITIZENS

9. ENGLISH COMMON LAW & THE MAGNA CARTA: LIMITS POWER OF KING JOHN LOCKE “LIFE, LIBERTY, & PROPERTY” MONTESQUIEU: SEPERATION OF POWERS ANCIENT GREEKS & ROMANS (DEMOCRACY & REPUBLIC) OTHERS

10. Debates & Compromise

11. VIRGINIA PLAN (BIG STATE): REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS BASED ON POPULATION MORE PEOPLE = MORE REPS = MORE POWER! MADISON’S (E. RANDOLPH & G. MORRIS) PLAN

12. NEW JERSEY PLAN (SMALL STATE): REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS BASED ON ALL STATES BEING EQUAL EACH STATE GETS THE SAME NUMBER OF VOTES – EQUAL POWER (W. Paterson)

13. PLANS COMBINED - BICAMERAL (TWO PART) CONGRESS CREATED CONGRESS: HOUSE OF REPS – REP BASED ON POPULATION SENATE – REP BASED ON ALL EQUAL

14. SHOULD SLAVES BE COUNTED AS POPULATION IN THE HOUSE OF REPS? 1.SLAVES WOULD BE COUNTED AS 3/5 OF A PERSON. 2. SLAVE TRADE FROM AFRICA MUST END BY 1807 SOUTH “YES” – NORTH – “NO”

15. SOUTH WANTED A 2/3 RD VOTE IN CONGRESS FOR REGULATING TRADE NORTH WANTED AN “EXPORT” TAX BOTH SIDES DROPPED DEMANDS & LET FEDERAL GOV’T REGULATE COMMERCE

16. 9 STATES HAD TO “RATIFY” THE CONSTITUTION BEFORE IT BECAME THE LAW OF THE LAND THIS STARTS A NATIONAL DEBATE “SHOULD THE NEW CONSTITUTION BE ACCEPTED OR REJECTED”?

17. FEDERALISTS: SUPPORTED THE CONSTITUTION FEDERALIST PAPERS (ESSAYS) HAMILTON, MADISON, & JAY

18. ANTI-FEDERALISTS: DID NOT SUPPORT THE CONSTITUTION NO BILL OF RIGHTS – FED GOV’T TOO POWERFUL! P. HENRY OTHERS

19. BILL OF RIGHTS (RIGHTS FOR CITIZENS) WAS PROMISED & ADDED IN 1791 MOST STATES RATIFY & CONSTITUTION BECOMES LAW!

20. “I have often in the course of this session looked at that without being able to tell whether it was rising or setting; but now at length I have the happiness to know that it is a rising and not a setting sun.” - Ben Franklin