1. Subjunctive: Recall regular endings AR and ER/IR verb endings: based off of “yo” “Opposite vowel” 1 st person sing. and 3 rd person sing. are the same ar Gastarto spend or waste gastegastemos gastesgastéis gastegasten Subirto climb/go up subasubamos subassubáis subasuban

2. Subjunctive: Stem-changing Verbs AR and ER Stem-changing verbs: These verbs have stem-changes in all of their forms except the nosotros and vosotros (stem-changes in the BOOT only). e - ie: pensar, entender, querer, sentarse, calentar, despertarse, empezar o - ue: contar, poder, volver, costar, probarse, llover, doler u - ue: jugar quererto want quieraqueramos quierasqueráis quieraquieran contarto count/tell cuentecontemos cuentescontéis cuentecuenten

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4. IR Stem-changing verbs: These verbs are stem-changing in all forms of the conjugations, however, they are only e – ie and o – ue inside of the BOOT. The nosotros/vosotros forms can only be e - i or o – u. The verbs with e – i stem-changes continue to be e – i all forms. e – ie: sentirse, divertirse, preferir e– i: reír, repetir, pedir, servir, vestirse, seguir, conseguir o – ue: dormir, morir preferir (e-ie)to prefer prefieraprefiramos prefierasprefiráis prefieraprefieran morir (o-ue)to die mueramuramos muerasmuráis mueramueran Notice in the nosotros/vosotros forms there is only a one letter change. servir (e-i)to serve sirvasirvamos sirvassirváis sirvasirvan Notice that all forms have the same stem-change.

5. Subjunctive: Irregular Verbs There are 6 verbs which have irregular conjugations in the subjunctive tense. There are no tricks to learn these, just practice and memorization. darto give dédédemos desdeis dédéden estarto be estéestemos estésestéis estéestén haberaux. verb hayahayamos hayashayáis hayahayan irto go vayavayamos vayasvayáis vayavayan saberto know sepasepamos sepassepáis sepasepan serto be seaseamos seasseáis seasean