1. 4/14/2017

2. Adaptations of Living Things
4/14/2017

3. Life today is a combination of 2 components:
The Evolutionary Process (change over time)
Immediate interactions with the environment
 To change, an animal has to survive long enough to reproduce.
4/14/2017

4. Advantages of Sexual Reproduction
New individuals will have a variety of chromosomes
Able to adapt to a changing environment
Characteristics combined from both parents
Variations allows individuals to move into new environments
4/14/2017

5. Adaptations
Adaptations usually occur because a gene mutates or changes by accident(or in a test tube)!
Some mutations help an animal or plant survive better than others in the species without the mutation. 
Intelligence, speed, eyesight, good looks(like Mr. Wiessner)
4/14/2017

6. A Word on animals…
All animals have adaptations that fit their environments. An adaptation is a part of an animal's body or way that an animal behaves that helps it survive.
4/14/2017

7. Types of Adaptations
 Structural (physical features of an organism like the bill on a bird or the fur on a bear). 
Behavioral (things organisms do to survive, like bird calls and migration). 
4/14/2017

8. Structural - Why do birds have different beaks????
Why do you have fingers of different length?
Toes of different sizes?
NO tail??
4/14/2017

9. Adaptations
Reproductive adaptations- how an organism reproduces and looks after its young.
Elephants have a gestation (pregnancy) period of two years and baby elephants are quite developed.
Dandelions produce hundreds of seeds that blow away in the wind.
*These are two types of reproductive adaptations.
4/14/2017

10. Adaptations
The more adaptations an organism has the better it can survive in it's environment.
Some organisms easily adapt to a new environment and survive better than the organisms that occur naturally in that environment.
HOW WELL CAN YOU ADAPT???
4/14/2017

11. Adaptations
Animals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce. Animals not well adapted to an environment may not survive(die).
Characteristics are passed in the genes of future generations. Those characteristics that don't help the species survive slowly disappear.(6 fingers/dwarfism)
4/14/2017

12. Adaptations
 An example of this in the cane toad, which is an introduced species to Australia (Queensland).
It has several
adaptations that make it
suitable to it's new environment:
it lays large numbers of eggs in almost any body of water every few weeks.
4/14/2017

13. What is it?
Lay many eggs at a time (about 50), in holes in the ground called burrows.
Dig pretend burrows to confuse animals that may be looking for eggs to eat.
Only 3-10 babies actually survive to be adults. It takes the eggs about 8-10 weeks to hatch, then takes baby organism about 2 years to become mature adults.
4/14/2017

14. Iguanas
4/14/2017

15. What is It? Court and mate between April and June.
Usually eggs are laid in mid-late summer. Eggs are oval in shape and have a leathery feel to them.
The female buries these eggs about 5 inches below the surface. When the sun heats the sand, the sand, in turn, heats the eggs. In about days, the eggs hatch.
4/14/2017

16. Gila monster
4/14/2017

17. Adaptations
Porcupines mate in late summer and early fall. Porcupines are very vocal during mating season. Males often fight over females. They perform an elaborate dance and spray urine over the heads of the female.
4/14/2017

18. Adaptations
Newborns climb up the mother's fur and into her pouch where they find a teat. 
Some babies do not find their way to the pouch and die.
Only babies who find one of the thirteen teats will survive.
Stay in the pouch and suckle for days.
Afterwards, they move out of the pouch and spend another four to six weeks on their mother's back.
4/14/2017

19. Adaptations
An opossum mother may have as many as 25 babies, but she usually will have between seven to eight. The reason opossums have so many babies to insure that some of them survive. Like most marsupials, opossums are very small when they are born – about the size of a navy bean.
4/14/2017

20. Adaptations
Reproduce once a year, with mating activity beginning in January when rivers and wetlands are covered with ice.
A 107 to 110 day gestation period follows, with an average of three to four young born.
At birth the kits (young) are fully furred, have their eyes open and incisor teeth visible.
Consumes wood as main food.
4/14/2017

21. Beavers
4/14/2017

22. Adaptations
Designed for life in the sea. Some species spend as much as 75% of their lives in the water. (They lay their eggs and raise their chicks on land.)
A streamlined body, paddle-like feet, insulating blubber, and watertight feathers all add to their efficiency and comfort underwater. They also have a remarkable deep-diving ability.
4/14/2017

23. Penguins
Black and white countershading makes them nearly invisible to predators from above and below.
4/14/2017

24. Adaptations
Unlike bony fishes, young develop within the protection of the mother’s body.
The eggs are protected by a tough, fibrous case that usually attaches to plants or rocks on the sea bottom till the young hatch.
Most reproduce from embryos that hatch from eggs and continue to grow in the uterus until fully developed.
4/14/2017

25. Great White shark
4/14/2017

26. Adaptations Highly social colonies
In the more primitive species, such as the Ponerine family, the reproductive duties are diverse. There may be a queen present, or there may not.
4/14/2017

27. Ants
4/14/2017

28. Adaptations
Queens in arctic conditions employ several adaptations to deal with the short season in which it is necessary to establish a colony.
Winter may not break until mid-May and the summer season can be as short as two months.
Queens must forage for their food, rear a brood, and establish a nest, fending for themselves until workers can be born to allow the colony to grow.
4/14/2017

29. Bees
4/14/2017

30. Adaptations
Arctic bumblebee queens were found flying and foraging on the very first day of snowmelt when willow blossoms.
This is an indicator that the earliest available food source, has appeared. The queens also displayed accelerated rates of foraging.
4/14/2017

31. The end!
4/14/2017