1. Jefferson Ascendency A.P. U.S. History Mr. Krueger

2. Contradictions? O William Jenson – an Englishman living in the US for 13 years encountered true Jefferson Republicans. O They were: self – confident, assertive, blatantly racist, and never to be delegated to low states. O Negatives to Jeffersonian thought was those who spoke of equal opportunity and liberty often owned slaves.

3. Regional Identities O Began to form strong regional identities O South, New England, West O Improved Transportation (internal improvement) allows geographic expansion O Canals, Waterways, roads O No trains yet…

4. Western Conquest O After the Revolution, many journeyed west and “squatted” – claimed land by living on it. O Waterways are essential transportation O New States and territories join the Union O Western folkways emerge O Western Heroes O Daniel Boone – fur trader – Native American Fighter O Mike Fink – Keelboatman of the Mississippi River

5. Native Americans O Ravages on the frontier: O Disease O Lack of unity O Selling huge tracks of land for whiskey and trinkets O Shawnee leaders were disgusted by the sales O Tecumseh – attempted to revitalize native culture O Settlers felt this was a threat – crushed his thoughts of cultural renaissance O Jefferson talked of creating a vast reservation west of the Appalachians

6. Tecumseh O http://www.edwindearborn.com/tecumseh- poem-a-quote-to-live-by/ http://www.edwindearborn.com/tecumseh- poem-a-quote-to-live-by/

7. Commercial Capitalism O Pre 1810 – America was directly involved in Agriculture O Agricultural fairs economically important O Merchant Marine was important for shipping O During Jeffersonian Democracy – cities functioned as depots for international trade

8. Republican Ascendancy O Jefferson ran for office to: O Reduce the size of the Federal Government O Repeal the Alien and Sedition Acts O Maintain international peace O Had close ties with congress O Carefully selected the members of his cabinet O James Madison – Sec. of State O Albert Gallatin – Sec. of Treasury – understood federal budget O TJ Reforms O Top priority was cutting the national debt – nat. debt was dangerous to republican institutions O Must repeal direct taxes – whiskey tax

9. Republican Ascendancy O Gallatin linked federal income to commerce – as long as commerce flourished, the nation had revenue O Ordered substantial cuts in national budget O Jefferson closed some embassies in Europe and cut military spending O He believed this would foster peace O State militias could protect the country O Some federalists resign – would not bow to the commons.

11. Louisiana Purchase O Jefferson thought Spain would sell Louisiana and Florida to the US, and he was prepared to use force. O 1801 – Spain transferred title to France O Napoleon was intent on reestablishing his empire in North America O Ended Haiti rebellion through military might O From here, he could occupy New Orleans and close the Mississippi River O Potential War O Jefferson hopes they can purchase the city, sends James Monroe to join American minister Robert Livingston in Paris. O When Monroe arrived, Napoleon already gave up on American Empire, his troops fell to tropical diseases (30,000 died) O Napoleon announced “Damn sugar, Damn coffee, Damn colonies” O He renounced Louisiana

13. Louisiana Purchase O Talleyrand (French Minister) offered Louisiana Territory for $15 million – it would double the size of the US O Jefferson did not know if he had constitutional power to acquire territory, but he rushed it to the senate to ratify it. O Recommended a traditional government consisting of appointed officials O Bill barely passed the House of Reps. Opposition from his own party because it imposed taxes without the citizens of Louisiana’s consent. O Some called it complete despotism, and it was contrary to Republican principles

14. Additional Topics O Barbary War O Slave Trade O Embargo Act O War Hawks O Hartford Convention O Treaty of Ghent