1. Introducing 380 cSt HVFO

3. Fuel Specifications

6. TEMPERATURE VISCOSITY DATA
VISCOSITY,cSt
40 DEG C
728.00
50 DEG C
347.00
100 DEG C
34.00
110 DEG C
24.50
115 DEG C
21.10
120 DEG C
18.30
125 DEG C
16.10
130 DEG C
14.10
135 DEG C
12.40

7. Economics 380 cSt : Rs 15309.83/MT 180 cSt : Rs 15864.83/MT
Gain = Rs 555/MT
Specific Heat =0.450 Kcal/Kg deg C
For Max 25 deg C =0.450X25X1000
860 X0.9
= 15 Units
Loss = Rs 45/- per MT
Net Gain =Rs 510 per MT

8. D G Set Type of Engine : 12V48/60 Engine Output/Capacity :11.81 MW
Make :Man B&W,Germany
RPM:500
No of Cylinders :12
Cylinder Bore :48 cm
Stroke :60 cm

9. Tank Farm for D G Set
MST : 850 KL( Out Going 55 deg C/Return Line 85 deg C),Water & Sludge drainage ??
Day Tank :100 KL (120 deg C,Steam heated)
Electrical Heaters available
More Heat may be generated from WHR Boiler

10. Tank Farm for Boilers MST :500 KL (60 deg C)
Day Tank :10 KL (85 to 90 deg C)
12 KW Electrical heating

12. REFINERY Gas Reforming Visbreak. Hydrocr. Coking FCC Naphta GasolinesAD VD
Reforming
Visbreak.
Hydrocr.
Coking
FCC DA
Naphta
Gasolines
Kerosene
Diesel oils
Heavy fuels SR 1 2 3
Kero,Diesel
Heavy fuels
H2, no Heavy
Fuels 4
Asphalts

13. FRACTIONS FROM 3 DIFFERENT CRUDES
Viscosity,20°C
% asphaltenes
Gasoline (C5-80°)
Heavy gasoline (80-160°)
Kerosene ( °)
Middle distillate ( °)
Heavy distillate ( °)
Residue (400 +)
35.8
5.8
4.09
9.05
12.58
14.12
7.51
50.42
10.2
0.93
5.56
12.02
15.5
17.19
8.72
38.71
ARABIAN
HEAVY
LIGHT
NIGERIAN
BONNY
11.2
0.08
5.06
15.0
9.32
25.2
44.6

14. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME CRUDE OILS
Viscosity,20 °C,cSt
Sulfur,%
Vanadium, ppm
Nickel, ppm
Asphaltenes, %
Conradson carbon,%
Arabian
light
9.2
1.8 15 5
0.7
5.1
heavy 40
2.8 30 10
2.7
Ekofisk
0.12
< 1
1.4
0.88
Nigeria
6.7
0.11 2 6
0.08
0.86
Basrah 57
3.58 54 22
8.3
Boscan
250000
5.2
1200
100
10.8
16.4
Ural
12.5 65 20

15. FCC VACUUM DISTILLATION UNIT VISBREAKER RESIDUE
LCO
FCC
ATMOSPHERIC
DISTILLATION
UNIT
CRUDE OIL
HCO
VACUUM
DISTILLATION
UNIT
VISBREAKER
RESIDUE

16. The making of 380 cSt Simple Refinery with Atmospheric Distillation
Atmospheric Residue +Gasoil Fraction
Complex Refinery with Catalytic Cracking & Visbreaking
Visbroken Residue + HCO + LCO

17. An Insight into 380 cSt

18. IS : 1593 - 1982 SPECIFICATIONS FOR FUEL OILS Sr.No. Characteristics
Method of test,Ref. to P: of IS:1448
Grade LV
MV1
MV2 HV 1
Acidity,Inorganic, mgKOH/gm
Nil
P:2 2
Ash % by mass, max.
0.1
P:4 ( Method A ) 3
Gross calorific value
Not limited but to be reported ( Note 1 )
P:6 for reference and P:7 for routine 4
Relative density at 15/15°C
Not limited but to be reported ( Note 2 )
P:32 5
Flash point, PMCC, °C min. 66
P:21 6
Kinematic viscosity at 50°C,cSt
P:25
Above - 80
125
180
Upto
370 7
Sediments,%by mass, max.
0.25
P:30 8
Sulphur,total,% by mass, max. ( Note 3 )
3.5
4.5
P:33 for reference and P:35 for routine 9
Water content,%by vol., max.
P:40
180 cSt
380 cSt
Note 1-: Normally the gross calorific value is of the order of 10,000 cal/g.
Note 2-: Fuel oil for marine uses in diesel engines shall not exceed a limit of 0.99
Note 3-: Recognizing the necessity for low-sulphur fuel oils in some specialized uses, a lower limit may be specified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.

19. Viscosity 380 cSt
VISCOSITY - DETERMINES INJECTION AND TRANSFER TEMPERATURES
NEED TO IDENTIFY IF THERE IS A NEED FOR NEW INJECTION TEMPERATURE
TYPE OF UTILITY ( FURNACE/BOILER/D.G)
OPTIMIMU VISCOSITY AT BURNER

20. DECIDE THE INJECTION TEMPERATURES…………
FUEL INJ VISC INJ VISC
13 CST CST

21. THERE IS A NEED TO IDENTIFY TRANSFER TEMPERATURES IF ……………….
Fuel Oil is cleaned with purifiers /Clarifiers
Transfer temperature of 98 deg C
Gravity Disc
Flow rate
-Automatically induced cleaning intervals ,review cleaning intervals

22. The regular tankers with PTO pump & (heating facility in winters)??
Transportation
The regular tankers with PTO pump & (heating facility in winters)??

23. STORAGE
Storage tank :380 cSt may be stored in the current FO tanks.The storage temperature should be above 10 deg C
Settling tank :Heavy Fuel Cleaning operations starts with settling of the product in tank at elevated temperatures(Around 80 deg C).Longer the settling period & More Number of Settling tanks the better
Removal of water & sludge from the settling tank prior to transfer

24. RESIDUE OR HEAVY FUEL OIL
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
RESIDUE OR HEAVY FUEL OIL
MALTENES
ASPHALTENES
"OIL"
"RESINS"
SATURATED
AROMATIC

25. MODEL OF ASPHALTENE MOLECULE
CH2
CH3 CH CH
CH2
CH3 N
CH2
CH3
CH3 O
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH2 S
CH2
CH3
CH2 CH
CH2 S
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3

26. HEAVY FUEL OILS DISPERSED AND STABLE FLOCULATED
Resins ensure seperation of heavy asphaltene molecules. Flocculated Asphaltene molecules tend to form sludge and settle at the bottom of the tank.

27. COMBUSTION MECHANISM Atomisation Vaporization Ignition Combustion
Viscosity
Distillate cuts
Ignition
C/H Ratio
Combustion
Distillate cuts
Density
Metals
Conradson Carbon

28. Simple droplet combustion model
EMISSIONS OF PARTICLES
SOOT
0.02 m
FUEL
DROPLET
CENOSPHERE
1 to 100 m
UNBURNT PARTICLES
FLAME FRONT
LIGHT GASEOUS FRACTIONS
SOLID ACCUMULATION

29. CARBON RESIDUE - HIGH VALUES MAY GIVE DEPOSIT PROBLEMS
ALL OTHER PARAMETERS REMAIN IN THE NORMAL RANGE
CARBON RESIDUE - HIGH VALUES MAY GIVE DEPOSIT PROBLEMS
ASH - IF EXCESSIVE CAN GIVE FOULING DEPOSITS
VANADIUM AND SODIUM - POTENTIAL HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION CAN BE MINIMISED BY TEMPERATURE CONTROL AND MATERIALS SELECTION
ALUMINIUM AND SILICON - USUALLY PRESENT AS CATALYST FINES WHICH ARE ABRASIVE, CAN NORMALLY BE REDUCED TO AN ACCEPTABLE LEVEL BY A CENTRIFUGE
SULPHUR-SULPHUR OXIDES & TBN OF OIL
SEDIMENT & STABILITY - FUEL IS STABLE IF IT DOES NOT
BREAK DOWN GIVING HEAVY SEDIMENT

30. TEST SIGNIFICANCE
SPECIFIC ENERGY - NET VALUE FOR DIESEL AND GROSS VALUE FOR BOILERS, USUALLY CALCULATED FROM EMPIRICAL EQUATIONS
IGNITION QULAITY - RELATES TO PART OF THE COMBUSTION PROCESS
FOR RESIDUAL FUELS EMPIRICAL EQUATION FOR CCAI IS
CCAI = d log log (VK )
d = DENSITY
VK = VISCOSITY

31. SPECIFIC ENERGY Specific Energy (Gross) MJ/kg
Qg = ( p2 10-6) [ (x+y+s)] (0.01s)
Specific Energy (Net) MJ/kg
Qn = ( p p10-3) [1-0.01(x+y+s)]
(9.420s x)
p = the density at 15 °C, kg/m³ x = the water content, % (m/m) y = the ash content, % (m/m) s = the sulphur content, % m/m

32. THANK YOU