2. Social Interaction Functions Making Conversations Work

3. COHERENCE Interpretive Strategies Etc. Principal: Willingness to fill in the meaning of ambiguous language Assumption of Relevance: assume what is said is relevant to what has been said before Retrospective-Prospective Sense of Occurrence: use of present or future utterances to interpret past or present remarks Role Taking: mentally take the others position

4. Local Management of Talk “Elementary Devices” Turn taking, reference to previous statements, paraphrases, conjunctions Alignment Moves Motive talk: “Now the reason Why I did that...” Disclaimers: “I haven’t read much in that area but.” Accounts: “I did poorly on the exam but you see my roommate... “ (power, rights, obligation, situation) Structuring Moves Quid Pro Quo: make concession to gain compliance Change Procedure: “We’ll bring it up later…” Fractionation: Break into workable segments

5. Continuity and Coherence Link to previous utterance - seen as competent –extend theme, global topic best –event extensions when ambiguous Synchrony Occurs in –Vocal parameters (duration, speech latencies, articulation rate, precision, accent, rate) –interacts with judgments (attraction, stuttering, perceived warmth, expectations, perceived intelligence, perceived competence, perceived agreement) –Within an individual (Body movements) –Between speaker and listener –Content Synchrony

6. VERBAL AND NONVERBAL BEHAVIORS ACCOMPLISHING SELECTED INTERACTION FUNCTIONS

7. Intimacy: Close interpersonal distances Reciprocal touch Direct body orientation Mutual gaze Forward lean Postural openness Verbal intimacy Personal resource exchange Facial Expressiveness

8. Reinforcement Reinforcement (positive) Direct body orientation Speech convergence Positive head nods Postural convergence Friendly touch Gestural convergence Positive back-channel responses Reciprocal self-disclosures Praise; Smiles Gaze at the other Relatively long talk duration

9. Impression Management Moderate to fast speech rates Speech convergence –Moderate to long talk duration Smiles, Forward lean Positive head nods Appropriate self-disclosure Few and brief pauses (unless topic is highly intimate) Speech with little or few disfluencies Prestigious or similar (to the interlocutor) Accents, Gestures; Lexical diversity

10. Control Turn-yielding cues –Terminate Gestures –Completion of a grammatical clause –Sociocentric sequences such as “you know” and “but-ah” –Decrease in pitch or loudness at end of sociocentric sequence –Prolonging the last syllable in a clause –Change in pitch of the last work of a clause –Asking a Question –Turn suppressing cues

11. Turn Taking Sequences –Head shifts away from the speaker –Gesturing –Overloudness of Speech –Audible Inhalation Control, Cont.

12. Persuasion Gazing at target Lexical diversity Increasing loudness Dialect similarity Moderate to fast speech rates Gestural matching Facial expressiveness

13. Dominance and Power: Gazing at listener when talking Interruption Gazing away while listening Long floorholding Non-reciprocal touch Lexical style shifts Lack of facial expressiveness Moderately loud speech (when vying for dominance) Relaxed Posture Control-acquiescence speech act sequences