1. Preventing Cancer with Healthy Life Styles Li-Fen L. Chang, M.D., Ph.D. Radiation Oncology SOMC Cancer Center

2. Estimated US Cancer Cases* *Excludes basal and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinomas except urinary bladder. Source: American Cancer Society. Men 766,860 Women 678,060 32%Breast 12%Lung and bronchus 11%Colon and rectum 6%Uterine corpus 4%Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 4%Melanoma of skin 3% Ovary 3%Thyroid 2%Urinary bladder 2%Pancreas 21%All Other Sites Prostate33% Lung and bronchus13% Colon and rectum10% Urinary bladder7% Melanoma of skin5% Non-Hodgkin4% lymphoma Kidney3% Leukemia3% Oral Cavity3% Pancreas2% All Other Sites17%

3. Estimated US Cancer Deaths* ONS=Other nervous system. Source: American Cancer Society, Men 289,550 Women 270,100 27%Lung and bronchus 15%Breast 10%Colon and rectum 6%Ovary 6%Pancreas 4%Leukemia 3%Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 3%Uterine corpus 2%Multiple myeloma 2%Brain/ONS 22% All other sites Lung and bronchus31% Prostate10% Colon and rectum10% Pancreas5% Leukemia4% Esophagus4% Liver and intrahepatic3% bile duct Non-Hodgkin 3% Lymphoma Urinary bladder3% Kidney3% All other sites 24%

4. Cancer Facts African Americans are more likely to die of cancer than people of any other racial or ethnic group. The number of new cancer cases and cancer death rates for MEN are highest among African Americans. Cancer death rates for WOMEN are highest among African Americans. Among MEN and Women, the number of new cases of lung cancer is more than 2 times higher among African Americans than among Asian/Pacific Islanders. *Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

5. Statistics (to continue) In 2004, African American men were 1.4 times as likely to have new cases of lung and prostate cancer, as compared to non- Hispanic white men. African American men were almost twice as likely to have new cases of stomach cancer as non-Hispanic white men. African Americans men had lower 5-year cancer survival rates for lung and pancreatic cancer, as compared to non-Hispanic white men. The Office of Minor Health, US Department of Health & Human Services

6. Statistics (continue) In 2005, African American men were 2.4 times as likely to die from prostate cancer, as compared to non-Hispanic white men. In 2005, African American women were 10% less likely to have been diagnosed with breast cancer, however, they were 34% more likely to die from breast cancer, as compared to non-Hispanic white women. African American women are twice as likely to have been diagnosed with stomach cancer, and they are 2.4 times as likely to die from stomach cancer, as compared to non-Hispanic white women.

7. Cancer Prevention Do not using tobacco products: tobacco causes cancer of many sites! Lung Throat Mouth Nasopharyngeal Esophagus Stomach Bladder Pancreas Liver Cervix Acute myeloid leukemia

8. Cancer Prevention Choosing foods with less fat and eating more vegetables, fruits, and whole grains: Obesity is associated with colon, breast, endometrial, Ovarian, and possibly other cancers.

9. Cancer Prevention Avoiding excessive alcohol drinking: Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with increased risk of oral, esophageal, breast, and other cancers.

10. Cancer Prevention Exercising regularly and maintaining a lean weight: Physical inactivity is associated with increased risk of colon, breast, Gynecologic, and possibly other cancers.

11. Cancer Prevention Avoiding the harmful rays of the sun, using sunscreen, and wearing clothing that protects the skin: skin cancer. Fair skinned, lots of moles, relative has had melanoma or other skin cancer

12. common signs and symptoms of cancer new mole or an obvious change in the appearance of an existing wart or mole

13. common signs and symptoms of cancer a sore that does not heal

14. Cancer Prevention Avoiding exposure to ionizing radiation and ultraviolet radiation, certain occupational and chemical exposures: radon, asbestos (mesothelioma), chemical dye (bladder cancer)

15. Cancer Prevention Avoid infectious agents: human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B and C (HepB and HepC), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), increase the risk of some types of cancer: Cervical cancer, oral cancer, lymphoma, liver cancer Kaposis Sarcoma

16. common signs and symptoms of cancer new thickening or lump in the breast or any other part of the body Monthly self breast exam Clinical breast exam Self testicular exam

17. common signs and symptoms of head and neck, lung cancer Nagging cough or hoarseness Unhealing mouth sore Persistent sore throat Nose bleed Chest pain Cough up blood Short of breath

18. common signs and symptoms of GI or GU cancer changes in bowel or bladder habits Tarry stool Fresh blood in stool or urine Lost of bowel or bladder control Urination problem

19. common signs and symptoms of cancer persistent indigestion or difficulty swallowing “bloating” feeling New lump or nodules Night sweat

20. common signs and symptoms of cancer unexplained changes in weight Lost appetite

21. common signs and symptoms of cancer unusual bleeding or discharge

22. Why is cancer screening important? Treatment is often more effective when cancer is detected early. Screening exams, such as Sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy or the fecal occult blood test, mammography, Pap test, PSA can detect precancerous conditions, which can be treated before they turn into invasive cancer.

23. SOMC Cancer Screening Breast Cancer Prostate Cancer Skin Cancer Lung for life

24. Conclusion: Live long and be joyous The most effective treatment and prevention for many illness is life style change. Don’t smoke, eat healthy, exercise, weight control, modesty for alcohol, less sun exposure, avoid harmful ray/chemical, avoid STD, consider HPV vaccine