1. ABSTINENCE NO SEXUAL ACTIVITY PERSONAL DECISION ADVANTAGES: Natural Prevents pregnancy Prevents diseases No cost 100% effectiveness Always with you DISADVANTAGES: Relationship conflicts might occur

2. MALE CONDOM Barrier Method: Blocks sperm from egg ADVANTAGES: Reduces STD / HIV infections Easy to obtain Easy to use Inexpensive ($1.00/condom) Reduces cervical cancer in females Disposable DISADVANTAGES: Possible irritations/allergic reactions Could break or tear Lessens the sensation Could interrupt the moment Effectiveness: 86% (actual use) 97% (perfect use) Obtain: OTC

3. FEMALE CONDOM Barrier Method: Blocks sperm from egg ADVANTAGES: Some STD protection Inexpensive ($3.00/condom) Can be worn up to 8 hours Easy to obtain No special storage Female is in control Used in place of latex DISADVANTAGES: Noise during intercourse Hard to insert Could lessen the sensation More costly that male condoms May cause irritations Effectiveness: 79% (actual use) 95% (perfect use) Obtain: OTC

4. IUD/IUS Hormonal: Interferes with implantation, sperm passage, thickening of the uterine lining. Advantages:Disadvantages: Long term use (up to 12 years) NO STD/HIV PROTECTION High effectiveness for pregnancy (99%)Insertion & removal required Not messySpotting No daily attention neededMore difficult menstrual periods Inexpensive ( long term)Could slip out of place Obtain: Doctor or clinic Cost: $500-$1000 (Mirena will cost more)

5. THE BIRTH CONTROL PILL Hormonal Method: Stops ovulation, thickens cervical mucous plug-21 day or 28 day pill packets ADVANTAGES: Reduce menstrual cramps Makes periods lighter Some protection against PID Helps acne Reduces risks for endometrial & ovarian cancers ovarian cysts PMS, headaches, depression vaginal dryness & painful intercourse ectopic pregnancies DISADVANTAGES: NO STD/HIV PROTECTION Bleeding between periods Breast tenderness Nausea & vomiting After use- 1 to 2 months for menstrual cycle to return to normal Medical Concerns: heart attack, stroke, blood clots, liver tumors, gallstones, jaundice, high blood pressure Effectiveness: 95%-97% (Pregnancy) Obtain: Dr./Clinic Cost:$25-$45/month plus doctor visits ($150- $200) $600-$700/year Combination Pills: Estrogen & Progestin Mini Pill:Progestin Only

6. ORTHO-EVRA (THE PATCH) Hormonal Method: Stops ovulation,thickens cervical mucous plug-1 patch per week Advantages: Use once a week Regulates menstrual cycle Safe, simple, convenient Health benefits similar to the Pill Disadvantages: NO STD/HIV PROTECTION Bleeding between periods Breast tenderness Nausea & vomiting Skin irritation where patch is placed Serious health risks similar to Pill Effectiveness: 99%(Pregnancy) Obtain: Dr./Clinic Cost :$35-$45/month plus doctor visits ($150-&200) $700-$800/year

7. NUVA-RING (THE VAGINAL RING) Hormonal Method: Stops ovulation, thickens cervical mucous plug -1 ring per month ADVANTAGES: Use one a month Regular or lighter menstrual flows Same health benefits as the Pill DISADVANTAGES: NO STD/HIV PROTECTION Bleeding between periods Breast tenderness Nausea and vomiting Vaginal discharge, irritation, infections Similar disadvantages as the Pill Effectiveness: 99% (Pregnancy) Obtain: Dr./Clinic Cost: $35-$45/month plus doctor visit ($150-$200) $700-$800/year

8. DEPO-PROVERA (INJECTION) Hormonal Method: Stops ovulation, thickens cervical mucous plug- shot every 3 months ADVANTAGES: Simple to use Taken once every 3 months Contains no estrogen Reduces endometrial cancer DISADVANTAGES: NO STD/HIV PROTECTION Irregular bleeding Skipped or no menstrual flows Depression Headaches, nervousness, dizziness Effectiveness: 99%(Pregnancy) Obtain: Dr./Clinic Cost: $75/shot plus doctor visits $600/year (Doctor Visits:$150-$200 plus $20-$40 each shot visit)

9. IMPLANON ( IMPLANT) Hormonal Method: Stops ovulation,thickens cervical mucous plug-up to 3 years protection ADVANTAGES: Contains no estrogen Long lasting pregnancy protection Nothing to take or change for 3 years High effectiveness in pregnancy protection DISADVANTAGES: NO STD/HIV PROTECTION Not readily available yet Cost Longer, heavier periods Pain at insertion site Discoloring or scarring at insertion site Effectiveness: 99%(Pregnancy) Obtain: Dr./Clinic Cost: $400-$800 insertion $100-$300 removal ($500-$1100 for full term use)

10. DIAPHRAGM Barrier Method: Blocks sperm from egg ADVANTAGES: Can last up to 2 years Easy to carry No effect on female’s natural hormones Can be inserted before sexual activity DISADVANTAGES: NO STD/HIV PROTECTION Difficult to insert May be pushed out of place May need to be refitted Can cause ulcerations Can cause irritation, urinary tract infections Must be used with spermicide Effectiveness : 88%( actual)- 94%( perfect) Obtain: Dr./Clinic Cost: up to $300 includes doctor visits and spermicidal kits

11. FEMCAP Barrier Method: Blocks sperm from egg ADVANTAGES: Last up to 2 years Easy to carry Can be inserted 6 hours before sexual activity Can be used while breastfeeding Immediately reversible DISADVANTAGES: NO STD/HIV PROTECTION Difficult to insert Refitting Needs to be cleaned after use May shift out of place during sexual activity Only 3 sizes available (S,M,L) Effectiveness : 86% (never given birth) 79% (given birth) Obtain: Dr./Clinic Cost: up to $300 includes doctor visits and spermicidal kit

12. “TODAY” SPONGE Barrier Method: Blocks sperm from egg ADVANTAGES: Can be wore up to 30 hours before sexual activity Can be used during breastfeeding Easy to carry Immediately reversible Inexpensive DISADVANTAGES: NO STD/HIV PROTECTION Risk of TSS Difficult to insert Can be messy Vaginal irritation Vaginal dryness Effectiveness: 88% (actual) 91% (perfect) Obtain: OTC Cost: $3.00-$5.00/sponge

13. SPERMICIDE Barrier Method: Blocks sperm from egg, kills sperm ADVANTAGES: Good back up method Cheap OTC DISADVANTAGES: NO STD/HIV PROTECTION Messy Must reapply for next encounter Must stay in 6-8 hours after use Could cause allergic reaction Effectiveness : 79% (actual) 85% (perfect) Obtain: OTC Cost: spermicidal kits $8-$17

14. FEMALE STERILIZATION

15. Tubal Sterilization vs Vasectomy Tubal Ligation Surgical/Barrier Method: Blocks sperm and egg from meeting ADVANTAGES: Safe and effective Long term pregnancy protection Does not change female’s hormones Less concerns of side effects than other methods DISADVANTAGES: NO STD PROTECTION Low reversal rate Initial expense Surgery and recovery period Effectiveness: 99.9% (Pregnancy) Obtain: Dr./Clinic Cost: up to $6000.00 Vasectomy Surgical/Barrier Method: Blocks sperm and egg from meeting ADVANTAGES: Safe and effective Long term pregnancy protection Outpatient surgery Cost less than female sterilization Reversal is possible at a 70 % success rate DISADVANTAGES: NO STD PROTECTION Initial expense Surgery and recovery period Swelling of the testicles Effectiveness: 99.9% (Pregnancy) Obtain: Dr./Clinic (outpatient) Cost: up to $1000.00

16. VASECTOMY