1. The physical World Chapter 2

2. Continents are landmasses that protrude above the bodies of water on earth. AfricaAfrica AsiaAsia AntarcticaAntarctica AustraliaAustralia EuropeEurope North AmericaNorth America South AmericaSouth America

3. 3 Basic parts of the earth’s interior Core: solid, metallic centerCore: solid, metallic center Mantle: soft layer of molten rockMantle: soft layer of molten rock Crust: thin layer of rock on the earth’s surface.Crust: thin layer of rock on the earth’s surface.

4. 4 Basic Spheres found on or above the earth

5. Atmosphere Contains the oxygen we breathe, protects the earth from radiation, and provides the medium for weather and climate.Contains the oxygen we breathe, protects the earth from radiation, and provides the medium for weather and climate.

6. Lithosphere The solid rock portion of the earth’s surface.The solid rock portion of the earth’s surface.

7. Hydrosphere Made up of the water elements of the earth.Made up of the water elements of the earth. Ex: oceans, seas, rivers, lakes and water in the atmosphere.Ex: oceans, seas, rivers, lakes and water in the atmosphere.

8. Biosphere The part of the earth where plants and animals live.The part of the earth where plants and animals live.

9. Continental Drift This theory maintains that the earth was one continent that broke apart into different plates upon which the separate continents rested. Note how the continents fit like puzzle pieces.This theory maintains that the earth was one continent that broke apart into different plates upon which the separate continents rested. Note how the continents fit like puzzle pieces.

12. Oceans AtlanticAtlantic PacificPacific IndianIndian ArcticArctic

13. The continuous circulation of water between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the earth.The Water Cycle: The continuous circulation of water between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the earth.

15. Landforms Naturally formed features on the surface of the earth.Naturally formed features on the surface of the earth.

16. Continental Shelf The earth’s surface from the edge of a continent to the drop-off to the deep part of the ocean.The earth’s surface from the edge of a continent to the drop-off to the deep part of the ocean.

17. Relief The difference in elevation in a landform from its lowest point to its highest point.The difference in elevation in a landform from its lowest point to its highest point.

18. Topography A combination of surface shape and the composition of landforms.A combination of surface shape and the composition of landforms.

19. Tectonic Plates

20. What causes earthquakes? Crust movement along the plate boundary-radiated through fault lines.Crust movement along the plate boundary-radiated through fault lines.

21. Where do most earthquakes occur? Along the Pacific Ring of Fire.Along the Pacific Ring of Fire.

23. What are some effects of earthquakes?

24. Tsunami Earthquakes can cause these waves in the ocean that can become a towering wall of water as it approaches the coastline.Earthquakes can cause these waves in the ocean that can become a towering wall of water as it approaches the coastline.

25. Volcano A giant fissure in the earth’s crust where expanding gases and magma have built up and either exploded (cone) or flowed (shield)A giant fissure in the earth’s crust where expanding gases and magma have built up and either exploded (cone) or flowed (shield)

26. Lava When magma reaches the earth’s surface it is called lava.When magma reaches the earth’s surface it is called lava.

27. Weathering: Mechanical Processes that breaks rock into smaller pieces; freezing, plant roots, etc.Processes that breaks rock into smaller pieces; freezing, plant roots, etc.

28. Weathering: Chemical Rock changes as a result of interaction with elements in the air or water. For example: acid rain.Rock changes as a result of interaction with elements in the air or water. For example: acid rain.

29. Erosion: Water The force of the flowing water can carve out a new landform, as seen here.The force of the flowing water can carve out a new landform, as seen here.

30. Erosion: Delta The erosive power of a river can wash sediment far down stream and deposit it at the mouth creating a fan-like buildup called a delta.The erosive power of a river can wash sediment far down stream and deposit it at the mouth creating a fan-like buildup called a delta.

31. Erosion: Wind Powerful winds can strip the topsoil off and carry it for miles.Powerful winds can strip the topsoil off and carry it for miles.

32. Erosion: Loess Wind-blown silt that accumulates and creates very fertile soil.Wind-blown silt that accumulates and creates very fertile soil.

33. Glacial Erosion Glaciers are massive-moving sheets of ice. They bulldoze as they advance and scrape out as they recede.Glaciers are massive-moving sheets of ice. They bulldoze as they advance and scrape out as they recede.

34. Glacial Erosion Glaciation is the changing of the landscape through glacier movement.Glaciation is the changing of the landscape through glacier movement.

35. Glacial Erosion Moraine: rocks left behind by the glacier may form a ridge or a hill.Moraine: rocks left behind by the glacier may form a ridge or a hill.

36. Largest Continent? What: AsiaWhat: Asia Where: Eastern HemisphereWhere: Eastern Hemisphere

37. Smallest Continent? What: AustraliaWhat: Australia Where: South PacificWhere: South Pacific

38. Largest Ocean? What: PacificWhat: Pacific

39. Longest River? What: NileWhat: Nile Where: East AfricaWhere: East Africa

40. Largest Lake? What: Caspian SeaWhat: Caspian Sea Where: EurasiaWhere: Eurasia

41. Deepest Lake? What: BaikalWhat: Baikal Where: AsiaWhere: Asia

42. Highest Mountain? What: Mt. EverestWhat: Mt. Everest Where: Nepal-TibetWhere: Nepal-Tibet

43. Highest Waterfall? What: Angel FallsWhat: Angel Falls Where: VenezuelaWhere: Venezuela

44. Largest Desert? What: SaharaWhat: Sahara Where: Northern AfricaWhere: Northern Africa

45. Lowest Continental point? What: Shores of the Dead SeaWhat: Shores of the Dead Sea Where: Israel-JordanWhere: Israel-Jordan

46. THE END