2. Warm Up All continents used to be contiguous at one point. What does contiguous mean? WHAT WAS THIS LAND MASS CALLED?

3. PANGEA!!!

4. Pangea Single landmass (Super continent) that existed approximately 300 million years ago. How did this supercontinent break apart? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzzGPfVx 32M

5. Plate Tectonics

6. Today Earth’s Forces Ring of Fire Movie Warm-Ups When Hurricane Irene hit the east coast of the US and did millions of dollars worth of damage. If you were the mayor of a city, which could be affected by a hurricane, how would you protect the city and its citizens? – Write at least 5 sentences

7. How many different layers make up the Earth’s structure? What are they? Inner Core Outer Core Mantle Crust

8. What is the Earth’s Core? Solid metallic Inner Core Liquid metallic Outer Core Both made of iron and nickel

9. What is the Mantle? Surrounds the core Soft layer of molten (melted) rock called magma!!!

10. What is the Crust? Thin layer of rock at the earth’s surface

11. What is the Atmosphere? Layer of gas surrounding the earth

12. What is the Lithosphere? Solid rock portion of the Earth’s surface

13. What is the Hydrosphere? All the water elements of the Earth 1. Oceans 2. Seas 3. Rivers 4. Lakes

14. What is the Biosphere? Where plants and animals live Includes: Atmosphere, Lithosphere, & Hydrosphere

15. What is Plate Tectonics? Movement of large plates (crust) above magma in the mantle What proof is there? Fossils, plants and animals along coastlines of separated continents https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=ryrXAGY1dmE https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=ryrXAGY1dmE

16. What is the theory of Continental Drift? 1912 theory by Alfred Wegener Earth once had a supercontinent (all connected) Called “Pangea”

17. Plate Boundaries Plates collide, separate, and shift along these boundaries

18. What type of movements are there? 1.Divergent 2.Convergent: Subduction 3.Convergent: Collision 4.Transform

19. Review: Plate Tectonics Plate Movement – Spreading – usually ocean floor – Sub-duction – form Volcanoes – Collision – form mountains – Sliding/Shearing – cause earthquakes Boundaries – where plates meet – Divergent- moving apart – Convergent - collide – Transform – slide past each other

20. Activity Complete the Continental Drift WS. Grade based on completion. PUT IN BINDERS!

21. Seismograph Measures the size of waves created by the earthquake How are Earthquakes measured?

26. Volcanoes What is the Ring of Fire? Most volcanoes located around the rim of the Pacific Ocean

27. https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=QVOOo_BjhXA 24.25

28. What force might have caused this?

30. What is Weathering? Types of Weathering are… Mechanical – When rocks and other minerals are broken into smaller pieces. Chemical – When minerals are changed completely when they mix with water and air. Like metal changing to rust.

31. Video Clip http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=hJfj-v5p5Ao http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=hJfj-v5p5Ao

32. Plant roots work their way into rock crevices called joints. As the plants grow, roots create pressure on the sides of the crack making it bigger until the rock breaks apart. Plant Roots

33. Rocks are also broken up by friction and repeated impact with other rock fragments during transportation. Ex: River Rocks. Friction and Repeated Impact

34. Oxygen Iron combines with oxygen in the presence of water in a process called oxidation The product of oxidation is rust

36. Acid Rain Compounds from burning coal, oil and gas react chemically with rain water forming acids. Acid rain causes very rapid chemical weathering

37. What is Wind Erosion? – Loess is wind-blown silt, sand, and clay. – Can form sand dunes 100’s of feet deep!

38. What is Water Erosion? Precipitation Mudslides Avalanche

39. What is Glacial Erosion? Glaciation – changes in a landform made from a slowly moving sheet of ice (glacier) Moraines – rocks left behind after a glacier moves Creates new valleys, hills, or ridges

40. What is soil, how is it made? Through the process of weathering and erosion of rocks Humus – quality of soil 1.Texture of the soil 2.Amount of organic material in the soil

41. Activity Complete the Note Guide. SAVE THIS BECAUSE THIS WILL SERVE AS A REVIEW SHEET FOR YOUR TEST. Put in binder.