1. Metals

2. Metallurgy the extraction of metals from ores  by reduction (less reactive metals)  by electrolysis of melt (reactive metals) the preparation of metals for use the study of the relationship between structures and properties of metals

3. Metal extraction Pre-treatment of Ore Concentration Roasting

4. Pre-treatment of ore crude ore is crushed

5. Concentration floatation

6. Roasting converting sulphide ore to oxide 2ZnS (s) + 3O 2(g) -----> 2ZnO (s) + 2SO 2(g) 2CuS (s) + 3O 2(g) -----> 2CuO (s) + 2SO 2(g) 3FeS 2(s) + 8O 2(g) -----> Fe 3 O 4(s) + 6SO 2(g)

7. Manufacture of Iron and Steel Chemistry of blast furnace Chemistry of basic oxygen furnace

8. Chemistry of blast furnace iron reduction raw materials

9. Several Blast Furnaces

10. Liquid Iron Pour

11. Iron (l) & Slag (l) Pours

14. Chemistry of blast furnace raw materials: iron ore – several kinds limestone – calcium carbonate coke – heated coal air – to provide the blast

15. Chemistry of blast furnace – raw materials iron ore => source of iron Could be any of the following: Fe 2 O 3, Fe 3 O 4, FeO, Ore names: haematite, magnetite, ferrite Sand impurity - SiO 2

16. Chemistry of blast furnace – raw materials Limestone (calcium carbonate) is used to remove impurities – it reacts with the sand which is usually found mixed with the iron ore. In the heat of the furnace it decomposes to calcium oxide (lime) and this then reacts with the silicon dioxide to produce calcium silicate (slag) CaCO 3  CaO + CO 2 CaO + SiO 2  CaSiO 3

17. Chemistry of blast furnace coke => reducing agent C

18. Chemistry of blast furnace C (s) + O 2(g) -----> CO 2(g) coke air

19. Chemistry of blast furnace CO 2 + C ---> 2 CO coke

20. Chemistry of blast furnace 3 Fe 2 O 3(s) + CO (g) -----> 2Fe 3 O 4(s) + CO 2(g) iron ore

21. Chemistry of blast furnace Fe 3 O 4(s) + CO (g) -----> 3FeO (s) + CO 2(g) iron ore

22. Chemistry of blast furnace FeO (s) + CO (g) -----> Fe (l) + CO 2(g) iron ore pig iron

23. Chemistry of blast furnace CaCO 3(s) + heat -----> CaO (s) + CO 2(g) limestone lime

24. Chemistry of blast furnace CaO (s) + SiO 2(s) -----> CaSiO 3(l) limesandslag

25. Purification of Metals Electrolysis Chemical Reactions

26. Production of Copper Cu 2 S (l) + O 2(g) -----> 2 Cu (l) + SO 2(g) Cu (s) ----->Cu (s) impure electrolysispure

27. Chemistry of Basic Oxygen Furnace iron purification steel making raw materials

28. Chemistry of Basic Oxygen Furnace raw materials pig iron from blast furnace fluxing agent to remove impurities alloying agents

30. Chemistry of Basic Oxygen Furnace Removal of excess of carbon C (s) + O 2(g) -----> CO 2(g) impurity air in pig iron

32. Magnetism 2 main types –diamagnetism =>all electrons are paired –paramagnetism => one or more unpaired electron, parallel spins on electrons