4. The tRNA molecule tRNA molecules do the final translating At one end the have a specific amino acid attached by a tRNA activating enzyme These enzymes do the first part of translating At the other end they have an anticodon which is complementary to the mRNA codons © St Edward’s University: Dept Chemistry and Biochemistry © 2007 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

11. 1 st position 2 nd position 3 rd position ↓ UCAG U PheSerTyrCys U PheSerTyrCys C LeuSerSTOP A LeuSerSTOPTrp G C LeuProHisArg U LeuProHisArg C LeuProGlnArg A LeuProGlnArg G A IleThrAsnSer U IleThrAsnSer C IleThrLysArg A MetThrLysArg G G ValAlaAspGly U ValAlaAspGly C ValAlaGluGly A ValAlaGluGly G AcidicBasicUncharged PolarNon-polar © 2007 Paul Billiet ODWS

15. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/firefly/

26. Translation1 AUGGGAUACACUUUUUGA mRNA Ribosome © 2007 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

27. Translation 2 AUGGGAUACACUUUUUGA met UAC tRNA amino acid anticodon © 2007 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

28. Translation 3 CCU gly AUGGGAUACACUUUUUGA UAC met © 2007 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

29. Translation 4 AUGGGAUACACUUUUUGA CCU gly UAC met peptide bond © 2007 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

30. Translation 5 UAC AUGGGAUACACUUUUUGA CCU glymet AUG tyr © 2007 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

31. Translation 6 AUGGGAUACACUUUUUGA CCUAUG glymettyr © 2007 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

32. Translation 7 UGA thr CCU AUGGGAUACACUUUUUGA AUG glymettyr © 2007 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

33. Translation 8 AAA phe AUGGGAUACACUUUUUGA AUG UGA glymettyr thr polypeptide chain © 2007 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

34. Translation: the sequence The tRNA molecules with the correct anticodons are lined up with their bases complementary to the mRNA codons Two tRNA molecules at a time can fit on the ribosome A peptide bond forms between their amino acids The first tRNA leaves the ribosome and mRNA move along to accept a new tRNA The process of translation proceeds in the same direction as replication and transcription (5’ to 3’) © 2007 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS