1. Introduction To Helping Relationships PowerPoint produced by Melinda Haley, M.S., New Mexico State University. “This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of an image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.” “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

2. Helping Skills And Techniques Listening Skills Attending: (there may be cultural variations to all of these) eye contact, distance between helper and helpee, attentive posture, body movements, gestures and verbal behavior. Paraphrasing: Restating the helpee’s message in your own words to indicate understanding. “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

3. Helping Skills And Techniques Listening Skills Clarifying: To sharpen the understanding of a helpee’s intent or message when the helper is confused about the meaning of the message. Perception Checking: Giving and receiving feedback on the accuracy of the communication received. “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

4. Helping Skills And Techniques Leading Skills Questioning: Used sparingly, open questions are effective in expanding meaning, checking perceptions and obtaining information. Indirect Leading: Lets the helpee take direction with the session (e.g. “What would you like to talk about.”) “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

5. Helping Skills And Techniques Leading Skills Focusing: Used when the client is unfocused and rambling. (e.g. “Please be more specific on how you feel about your mother”). Direct Leading: Helps focus the topic more specifically (e.g. “Tell me more about how your father’s death affected you.”) “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

6. Helping Skills And Techniques Reflecting Skills Reflecting feelings: Stating in your own words the helpee’s essential feelings being expressed. Reflecting experience: Descriptive feedback of the helpee’s nonverbal communication as cues to the helpee’s feelings (e.g. you say your not angry but when you say that your jaw clenches). Reflecting Content: Clarifies content and feelings and is similar to paraphrasing. “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

7. Helping Skills And Techniques Challenging Skills Helpers recognizing their own feelings: Recognizing feelings in oneself helps identify reactions to what the helpee is saying and it might be useful to the helpee to share them. Describing and Sharing Feelings: Sharing personal feelings about the helpee. “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

8. Helping Skills And Techniques Challenging Skills Feedback and Opinion: Information given in the form of opinions and reactions. Self-Challenging: Guiding the helpee in questioning himself or herself regarding values and beliefs. “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

9. Helping Skills And Techniques Interpreting Skills Interpretive Questions: “Do you think your fear of death is due to the your father’s traumatic murder?” Helps focus meaning and brings into consciousness things that are subliminal. Fantasy and Metaphor: Using a pictured image or metaphor to describe the helpee’s actions in a way that enables him or her to perceive himself or herself in a new way. Levels of Interpretation: Moves from reflecting the level of meaning directly expressed to reflecting deeper content that may or may not be directly expressed. “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

10. Helping Skills And Techniques Informing Skills Giving Information: Sharing expertise, test results, or other factual information. Advice: Telling the helpee what he or she should do. This is controversial and dependent upon the type of helping you are dong. “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

11. Helping Skills And Techniques Summarizing Skills Tying together into one statement all the different threads the helpee has expressed. Summary focuses on themes, and key ideas, of content and feelings. Summary helps give movement and awareness to the session.. “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

12. Introduction to Helping Relationships Presentation Resources Brammer, L. M. & MacDonald, G. (1999). The helping relationship: Process and skills, 7 th ed. Needham Heights, MA.: Allyn & Bacon. Kottler, J. A. (2000). Nuts and bolts of helping, 1 st ed. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”