2. Cognado=cognatus=relative The word cognate derives from Latin cognatus, from co (with) +gnatus, natus, past participle of nasci "to be born".[1] Literally it means "related by blood, having a common ancestor, or related by an analogous nature, character, or function"The word cognate derives from Latin cognatus, from co (with) +gnatus, natus, past participle of nasci "to be born".[1] Literally it means "related by blood, having a common ancestor, or related by an analogous nature, character, or function"

3. Cognados Spanish words spelled exactly as in English banjo/ banjo cable/cable gas/gas cafeteria/cafeteria actor/actorcentral/central color/colorchocolate/chocolate doctor/doctorhotel/hotel idea/ideamotor/motor piano/pianoradio/radio terrible/terribleviola/viola

4. Cognados Directos A. Many Spanish words that end in -ción have a corresponding English word that ends in -tion. Let’s practice

5. -ción 1.invitación - 2.ocupación - 3.conversación- 4.relación- 5.construction- 6.solution- 7.communication- 8.admiration- 9.section-

6. -dad = ty B. The Spanish ending -dad corresponds to the English ending -ty. Ejemplo: sociedad = society electricidad = electricity

7. -dad 1. autoridad- 2. capacidad- 3. curiosidad- 4. eternidad- 5. generosidad- 6. necessity- 7. possibility- 8. reality- 9. university-

8. -ía, -ia, or io = y C. Many Spanish words ending in -ía, -ia, or -io end in y in English. Modelo:Family = Familia History = Historia

9. 1. agencia 2.urgencia 3. geografía 4. historia 5. salary 6. testimony 7. necessary 8. dictionary

10. -oso = -ous D. The Spanish ending -oso corresponds to the English ending -ous. Modelo: ambicioso=ambitious

11. 1. famoso - 2. gracioso - 3. generoso - 4. glorioso - 5. montañoso- 6. nervioso - 7. delicious - 8. precious - 9. religious -

12. -mente = -ly E. The Spanish adverbial ending -mente corresponds to the English adverbial ending -ly. Ejemplo: finalmente = finally

13. 1. correctamente 2. absolutamente 3. normalmente 4. frecuentemente 5. inmediatamente 6. naturalmente 7. perfectly 8. Rapidly 9. recently 10. sincerely, difficulty