1. Slouching Toward Bethlehem? Islamist Politics, The New “New World Order, and the War on Terrorism…. Rise in Fundamentalist movements across religions Transformations in States

2. The Oslo Accords, 1993-94 “Land for Peace” treaties between Israel and the PLO PLO recognition of Israel, Israel recognition of Palestinian State in Gaza and the West Bank

3. Of course, the devil is in the details….

4. Israeli Peace Movement pushes negotiations Yitzak Rabin elected on peace platorm following 1982 invasion of Lebanon, Kahan report on Sabra and Shatila refugee camps. Film trailer, “The Tank” 2009 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-_kE5QD_W4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-_kE5QD_W4 Film trailer, “Waltz with Bashir” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWo8U5J0XeYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWo8U5J0XeY Kahan Report 1983 “ The Commission asserted that Israel had indirect responsibility for the massacre: Prime Minister Menachem Begin was found responsible for not exercising greater involvement in the matter; Defense Minister Ariel Sharon was found responsible for ignoring the danger of bloodshed when he approved the Phalangists' entry as well as not taking appropriate measures to prevent bloodshed; IDF Chief of Staff Raful Eitan was found responsible for not giving the appropriate orders to prevent the massacre.” (http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/kahan.html) Menachem BeginAriel SharonRaful Eitan

5. Rabin’s Assassination by Jewish Fundamental ist, 1994

6. Settlements driven as much by changes in the West? Robert Fisk documentary, From Beirut to Bosnia, Part 2, “the Road to Palestine” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_tZM_x CXAM (from 30:00-34, 39:00-41:30) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_tZM_x CXAM

7. “Realities on the Ground” since 1994 Expansion of Settlements, The Wall, Control of Access to Jerusalem and the Dome of the Rock Mosque, and continued vioilence form both sides

9. Why did the PLO negotiate in 1993? 1987 Founding of Hamas Both “paramilitary” organization and social service organization Coincides with the first Palestinian Intifada”

10. Late 1980s rough years for States? One way to look at the shift is the rise in people power

11. What Makes a State Function? Traditional View: Control of Borders Control of Culture (belief in legitimacy of the State as an entity) Control of the Economy Control of Firearms Second way to think about it is a decline in the ability of the state to exercise control.

12. 1996 Taliban Rise in Aghanistan “Collapsed States” ?

13. Failed State Index, 2013

14. Al Qaeda as a modern, globalized institution 1988 – 89 Bin Laden returns to Saudi Arabia 1990-91 Sudan – After Criticizing the Saudi reliance on Western troops he is exiled, moves to Sudan 1992-96 Worsening relations with Saudi A, Egypt, Sudan, force him to leave for Afghanistan – 1993 Saudi support for Oslo Accords, Saud moving West – 7 million $ a year family stipend ended

15. Somalia, Bosnia, Kenya,…1995 World Conflict Map (Carter Center)

16. 1996-2001 Globalization of “Jihad” Bin Laden’s financial network still moving money through Pakistan to new group, The Taliban By 1996 Taliban control the capital, Kabul Wars in Chechnya, Dagestan, Bosnia, Sudan, Somalia, provide recruiting grounds 1998 African Embassy bombings 200 USS Cole off the coast of Yemen

17. Sept. 11, 2011 Classical Guerilla Strategy?

18. Transformations? Rise of Fundamentalism across Religions Crisis in State Power over traditional sectors

19. Just something different and more optimistic West Bank Story (2005) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgQfCU Nf0no https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgQfCU Nf0no End of “The Syrian Bride” (2004) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svXetQB_ tz0