1. Biology: April 2, 2013 Bellringer: How do you classify things? Write answer on scratch paper… Not turning in. Objectives: Welcome German Students!! Make-Up Tests Describe Classification Assign: HW Classification QUIZ FRIDAY!!! Grab notes sheet from side lab table!

2. Classification Let’s see what you know about classifying. I need some volunteers!

4. I. Classification A.Scientists have classified over 1.5 million species 1. Must have a way to name and group them in a logical manner 2. taxonomy- scientists classify organisms and give them a universally accepted name What is this animal? Mountain lion? cougar? Puma? Felis concolor

5. B. Each species is assigned a 2 part scientific name 1. Carolus Linnaeus 18 th century botanist came up with the seven taxonomic categories: (plural: taxa) a. Kingdom- most broad, 6 different kingdoms b. Phylum c. Class d. Order e. Family f. Genus -group of very closely related organisms g. Species -unique name given to each species within a genus, no two species have same genus and species C. Scientific names- Genus followed by the species, both in italics or underlined. 1 st word always capital; 2 nd word lower case. ex: Homo sapiens or Ursus maritimus

6. Columbia High School Mrs. Clayton’s Biology Class Freshman Science classes Freshman class Columbia Columbia School District Student Name Kingdom: ColumbiaBroad Phylum: Columbia School District Class: Columbia High School Order: Freshman class Family: Freshman Science classes Genus: Mrs. Clayton’s Biology Class Species: Student NameSpecific

7. a. Kingdom- animaliaanimalia b. Phylum- chordatachordata c. Class- mammalia mammalia d. Order- primatesprimates e. Family- hominidaehominidae f. Genus- HomoPan e. Species- sapienstroglodytes HumanChimpanzee D. The more categories that two organisms have in common, the more similar they are ex: grizzly bear Ursus arctos vs. vs. polar bear Ursus maritimus

9. Before the worksheet: Can you do bubbles showing that they are in the same class, order, family ect. Use three different organisms. Class Mammalia Human Cougar Cat Phylum chordata Human cougar cat Kingdom Human Cougar Cat Order Primate Human Order Carnivora Cougar Order Carnivora Cat

10. Work with a partner on these

11. Bellringer: ---GET OUT YOUR HOMEWORK…then answer questions below: Why do scientists classify things? What are scientific names made up of? What are the rules to writing scientific names? GRAB NOTES SHEET FROM SIDE LAB TABLE!!!! QUIZ FRIDAY : Classification and Cladograms! BiologyApril 3, 2013

12. If you knew nothing about DNA, how would you group these?

13. Cladogram-a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationship among a group of organisms 1. derived characteristics are used to construct a cladogram ex: hair, four limbs, vertebrae 2. Each level of the cladogram separates out those organisms who do or do not have the characteristic, shows evolutionary change and who is most closely related

14. 1.How many types of plants have vascular tissue? 2.How many have seeds? 3.Which type of plant does not have seeds, flowers, or vascular tissue? 4.Which is more closely related, mosses and flowering plants or conifers and flowering plants?

15. 1. After which animals did mammary glands develop? 2. What animal does not have jaws? 3. Which animals have lungs?

16. OrganismVertebraeHairFour Limbs Pre-orbital Fenestra Shark + - - - Amphibian + - + - Primate + + + + Bird + - + + Making a cladogram… Let’s Practice! Draw this on the back of your notes sheet!

17. CellsBackboneLegsHair Opposable Thumbs Slug Catfish Frog Tiger Human

18. Assignment: Practice interpreting cladograms

19. Bellringer: What does a cladogram show you?

20. Questions: How many organisms have jaws? How many organisms are multicellular? Who is more closely related, an earthworm and a kangaroo or a cat and a kangaroo? How do you know?

21. Go over Cladogram homework… Work on drawing cladogram

22. Dichotomous Key A tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world Such as: trees, wildflowers, mammals, reptiles, rocks, and fish. Keys consist of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name of a given item. Choices need to be physical characteristics.

23. "Dichotomous" means "divided into two parts". Therefore, dichotomous keys always give two choices in each step. Let’s take a loot at an example!

24. 1.a. Leaf has visible veins……………………………..go to 2 b. Leaf does not have visible veins………………go to 3 2. a. Leaf has rounded edges…………………..…White Oak b. Leaf has pointed edges………………………..Maple 3. a. Leaf has 4 separate parts……………………...go to 4 b. Leaf does not have 4 separate parts……..go to 5 4. a. Leaf has a stem…………………………………….Red clover b. Leaf does not have a stem…………………...Trefoil clover 5. a. Leaf is long and narrow……………………..…Willow Oak b. Leaf is not long and narrow……………...American sycamore

25. Work on dichotomous keys…

26. II. The Three Domain System 1. Molecular analyses have given rise to a new taxonomic category called the Domain-a most inclusive and largest category a. Domains: 1. Bacteria—corresponds to the kingdom Eubacteria a. “true bacteria” b. Unicellular and prokaryotic EX. Streptococcus, E. coli 2. Archaea—corresponds to the kingdom Archaebacteria “ancient bacteria” Kingdom Archaebacteria a. Unicellular and prokaryotic b. Live in extreme environments (volcanic hot springs)

27. 3. Eukarya—Consist of all organisms with a nucleus and is organized into the 4 remaining kingdoms -all eukaryotic

28. II. Kingdoms ( 6 of them) A. Eubacteria 1. unicellular 2. Prokaryotes 3. ex: e-coli, streptoccocus, parasites B. Archaebacteria 1. unicellular 2. prokaryotic and mostly anaerobic 3. Live in extreme conditions; hot springs, black mud C. Fungi 1. most multicellular 2. feed on dead and decaying matter or absorb through body, heterotophs 3. mushrooms, mold

29. D. Plantae 1. Multicellular 2. Make their own food using their chloroplasts (photosynthetic) ex: mosses, ferns, flowering plants E. Animalia 1. Multicellular 2.heterotrophs-must get food from another organism ex: sponges, insects, worms, mammals

30. F. Protists 1.uni and multi cellular 2. Eukaryotes 3. Any organism that is not a plant, animal, or fungus ex: amoeba, slime molds

31. 1.Which of these two organisms is the most similar? How do you know? 2.Do any of these organisms belong to the same order? 3.A group of phylum's make up a what? 4.How would you write the scientific name of corn? 5.Which of these organisms are mammals? 6.Which taxonomic category indicates if an organism is an animal or not?

33. Bell Ringer: Who came up with the idea of classification? What is giving organisms a scientific classification called? Today: 1.Get out study guides and hand forward! – if you don’t have it right now it is ½ credit 2.Note quiz review 3.BINGO! w/ smarties! Be a smartie! Tomorrow is the TEST over CHAPTER 18! You will be receiving make up work to do after the test! Last day for make up work to be turned in is Thursday!

34. Terms to review: Autotroph- makes its own food Heterotroph-must eat Unicellular-made of only one cell multicellular-made of many cells (bigger) Prokaryotic- simple, small cells Eukaryotic- larger more complex cells You need to know at least three facts about each of the kingdoms!

35. Archaebacteria 1.Prokaryotic 2.Unicellular 3.Live in extreme conditions Eubacteria 1.Prokaryotic 2.Unicellular 3.Common bacteria ex: e-coli, streptococcus Animalia 1.Eukarytoic 2.Multicellular 3.Heterotophs

36. Plantae 1.Eukarytoic 2.Multicellular 3.Autotroph Protista 1.Eukaryotic 2.Uni and multicellular 3.Random grouping of organisms that don’t fit in any other category (ex: amoeba) Fungi 1.Eukarytoic 2.Multicellular 3.Absorb food through bodies ex: mushrooms

37. Match up OrganismKingdom 1. AmoebaAnimal 2. RosePlant 3. goldfishFungi 4. e-coli bacteriaProtista 5. anaerobic bacteriaEubacteria 6. antArcheabacteria 7. apple tree 8. streptococcus bacteria

38. 9. Who came up with the idea of taxonomy? 10. How many levels of classification do we have? 11. Which level covers the most species (is the most broad) 12. Which level is the most specific? 13. Which kingdom contains organisms that live in very extreme environments? 14. Which kingdom would a tulip (flower) go into? 15. What two words are used for an organisms scientific name? 16. Which kingdom contains all organisms that do not fit into any other kingdom? (ex: amoeba) 17. If two organisms are very close to each other on a cladogram that means they are what?

39. Organism 1: Eukaryotic, autotroph, ex: grass Organism 2: Prokaryotic, lives in extreme conditions Organism 3: Eukaryotic, heterotroph, absorbs food through body Organism 4: Prokaryotic, unicellular, ex: e-coli Organism 5: Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotroph Organism 6: Eukaryotic, uni or multicellular, ex: amoeba

41. 1.What makes a salamander and a lizard different? 2.What traits do mice have according to this cladogram? 3.What is the only organism on this chart with feathers? 4.If the hagfish was taken off the chart, would that change the rest of the cladogram? 5.What is the only trait difference between the lizard and the pigeon?

42. y

43. 1 and 2 -Notes/review -Practice review *need to give them a different dichotomous key- have them use the flowers? 6 - grade own quizzes - taxanomik worksheet - start study guide *Test Wednesday!

44. Check study guides Go over study guides- student lead? W. candy? Mini note quiz BINGO!!! w/ candy 1 + 2 - go over quizzes - note quiz off the board/match up! - taxonomic worksheet - Study guides! – fill out with them- study for test Thursday!!!

45. Bell Ringer: Who came up with the idea of classification? What is giving organisms a scientific classification called? Today: 1.Get out study guides and hand forward! – if you don’t have it right now it is ½ credit 2.Note quiz review 3.BINGO! w/ smarties! Be a smartie! Tomorrow is the TEST over CHAPTER 18! You will be receiving make up work to do after the test! Last day for make up work to be turned in is Thursday!

46. Kingdomdomainclassphylum MammaliaLinnaeustaxonomytaxa dichotomous keycladogram EubacteriaArchaeabacteriaEukarya autotrophicheterotrophicfungi Moss“taxonomic outcasts”animalia ProtistaOak treespeciesgenus Capitalizedunderline derived characteristics Streptococcusanaerobicplantae

47. Bell Ringer: Who didn’t take the test yeterday? Today: 1. TODAY is Earth day!!! 2. DEEP OCEANS video and worksheet *if you have your make up work turn it it!!! * Get out a ½ sheet of paper!