1. Computers in GovernmentE-Government UN E-Government Survey 2012 e-Democracy & e-Voting IT in Political Campaigning GE 2313 Global IT Cases http://www.flickr.com/photos/krusade/5758437813/

2. E-Government  E-Government Initiatives & ICT Applications [UN Assessment] » E-government is defined as the use of ICT and its application by the government for the provision of information and public services to the people  aim of e-government therefore is to provide ↘ efficient government management of information to the citizen ↘ better service delivery to citizens ↘ empowerment of the people through access to information and participation in public policy decision- making » for the people to further enhance public sector efficiencies and streamline governance systems to support sustainable development  G2C, G2B, G2G » national Web portal  transactional services  engage citizens in public consultation and decision-making  delivery of public services designed to be ↘ responsive ↘ citizen-centric ↘ socially inclusive [vs digital divide] » scope extended to  greater emphasis on institutional linkages between and among the tiered government structures in a bid to create synergy for inclusive sustainable development  a transformative role of the government towards cohesive, coordinated, and integrated processes and institutions GE 2313 Global IT Cases http://www2.unpan.org/egovkb/global_reports/12report.htm “development that meets needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Computers in Government 2013A – 2

3. United Nations E-Government Survey 2012 GE 2313 Global IT Cases http://www2.unpan.org/egovkb/global_reports/12report.htm http://unpan3.un.org/egovkb/global_reports/12report.htm http://unpan3.un.org/egovkb/datacenter/CountryView.aspx 2010 Computers in Government 2013A – 3

4. China e-Government Development GE 2313 Global IT Cases http://unpan3.un.org/egovkb/profilecountry.aspx?ID=36 A composite index comprising the  Web measure index  Telecommunication Infrastructure index  Human Capital index A composite index comprising the  Web measure index  Telecommunication Infrastructure index  Human Capital index Web measure model: stages of e-government evolution  Emerging Presence – representing information, which is limited and basic  Enhanced presence – the government provides greater public policy and governance sources of current and archived information  Transactional presence – allows two-way interaction between the citizen and his/her government  Connected presence – represents the most sophisticated level in the online e-government initiatives Web measure model: stages of e-government evolution  Emerging Presence – representing information, which is limited and basic  Enhanced presence – the government provides greater public policy and governance sources of current and archived information  Transactional presence – allows two-way interaction between the citizen and his/her government  Connected presence – represents the most sophisticated level in the online e-government initiatives Telecommunication infrastructure index is a composite weighted average index of six primary indices based on basic infrastructural indicators, which define a country’s ICT infrastructure capacity  PC’s/1000 persons  Internet users/1000 persons  Telephone Lines/1000 persons  Online population  Mobile phones/1000 persons  TV’s/1000 persons Telecommunication infrastructure index is a composite weighted average index of six primary indices based on basic infrastructural indicators, which define a country’s ICT infrastructure capacity  PC’s/1000 persons  Internet users/1000 persons  Telephone Lines/1000 persons  Online population  Mobile phones/1000 persons  TV’s/1000 persons Human Capital index relies on UNDP ‘education index  adult literacy rate  combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrolment ratio Human Capital index relies on UNDP ‘education index  adult literacy rate  combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrolment ratio Computers in Government 2013A – 4

5. E-Government − Efficiency  Integrated services » One-Stop-Shop Portal  improve citizen experience  back-office integration across government departments a property of access control of multiple related but independent software systems » Single-Sign-On SSO  a property of access control of multiple related but independent software systems  has to internally translate to and store different credentials compared to what is used for initial authentication ↘ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_sign-on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_sign-on GE 2313 Global IT Cases http://www2.unpan.org/egovkb/global_reports/12report.htm Computers in Government 2013A – 5

6. Web Portal static information  links to ministries/departments, archived information, and regional/local government services unidirectional government-to- citizen (G2C) information flows  online policies, laws and regulation, reports, newsletters, and downloadable databases two-way financial and non- financial transactional services  tax reports  mobile apps integrated and participatory services  integration of government-to-government (G2G), government-to-citizen (G2C), and citizen-to-government (C2G) interactions GE 2313 Global IT Cases http://www2.unpan.org/egovkb/global_reports/12report.htm Computers in Government 2013A – 6

7. e-Democracy and e-Voting  Internet voting » issues  trust in Internet voting ↘ information available, integrity of voting system  secrecy and freedom of the vote ↘ cast ballot alone, hence freedom – free from vote buying/coercion ↘ the chance to repeat and cancel an Internet vote ↘ a method of voting considered to meet standards of secrecy by the Venice Commission  accessibility of Internet voting ↘ is relevant not only for voters with disabilities and linguistic minorities, but also for the average voter ↘ ISO standard on Accessibility considerations for people with disabilities and WAI ↘ platform challenge  role of stakeholders ↘ voting technology suppliers; existing stakeholders have to adapt their role » first use of Internet voting for a binding political election – U.S. in 2000  each year since 2006, four to six countries have used this voting method » a total of 11 countries have now used remote Internet voting for binding political elections of referenda  four core countries : Canada, Estonia, France and Switzerland » technicality  need for secure online voter authentication  protection of the secrecy of the vote  appropriate transparency mechanisms  testing and certification regimes GE 2313 Global IT Cases http://www.ifes.org/Content/Publications/News-in- Brief/2012/June/~/media/Files/Publications/Reports/2012/EVote_International_Experience_2012.pdf Computers in Government 2013A – 7

8. IT in Politics  "The First Internet President" » 2008 Barak Obama’s presidential campaign  mined email addresses to build a database of more than 13M people  turned to social networking sites : Facebook & Twitter to amass followers and disperse information  posted videos on the campaign Web site Barack- Obama.com as well as on YouTube » ripple effects  created a bottom-up approach to participation  growing recognition that information technology, moved into the mainstream of American politics  Web 2.0 – blogs, wikis, social networking sites  more sophisticated analytics tools GE 2313 Global IT Cases Communications of the ACM February 2009, pp.16-18 http://spectrum.ieee.org/geek-life/profiles/dream-job-p2p-politics/0 Conventional town hall meetings, radio addresses, television appearances have all served as valuable tools to capture hearts, minds and votes Limitations one-size fits-all message Conventional town hall meetings, radio addresses, television appearances have all served as valuable tools to capture hearts, minds and votes Limitations one-size fits-all message Database 13M voters [10%] Database 13M voters [10%] Jascha Franklin-Hodge a chief technology officer at the forefront of using computers and social media to enliven the political process helping to bring funds & attention to social issues Jascha Franklin-Hodge a chief technology officer at the forefront of using computers and social media to enliven the political process helping to bring funds & attention to social issues Twitter post polling location toll-free no. for volunteers & contribution Twitter post polling location toll-free no. for volunteers & contribution Web site 2M registered users Web site 2M registered users eMail solicitations eMail solicitations Donation from 4M persons over US$750M Donation from 4M persons over US$750M Computers in Government 2013A – 8

9. Social Media & Political Campaign  The Jasmine Revolution » Tunisia, Dec 2010–Jan 2011 [3 weeks + 6 days] » ousting of President to democratic election  causes : poor living condition, lack of freedom of speech and political freedom  started by a dissident bloggers' and a Facebook users' protest took place in the Tunisian city of Jarjis, demanding the release of political prisoners and freedom of expression » subsequent protests  Egypt, Libyan, Syria, Yamen, Bahrain, and Algeria …  CeSMO cyber-enhanced social movement organizations » can disseminate information and calls for action immediately and pervasively  consequences ↘ a few netizens using minimal effort and in a short amount of time are able to attract huge crowds creating enormous momentum within cyberspace ↘ the release of this gathered energy into the physical space then in turn is capable of causing great turmoil » intelligent systems & tools  HFSE, crowdsourcing, social-media-based crisis map GE 2313 Global IT Cases http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5751213 the former Tunisian prime minister : " a revolution of Facebook and Twitter " the former Tunisian prime minister : " a revolution of Facebook and Twitter " Traditional −limited by their contact capacity −bogged down with bureaucratic procedure −document-driven communication Traditional −limited by their contact capacity −bogged down with bureaucratic procedure −document-driven communication http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=6269762 Computers in Government 2013A – 9

10. Highlights of e-Services of HKSAR  Office of the Government Chief Information Officer OGCIO Office of the Government Chief Information Officer OGCIO » Electronic Information Management EIM » EGIS – The Next Generation e-Services Deployment and Connectivity Platform  Hospital Authority Hospital Authority » Disease Surveillance & patient Management System » Mortuary Information System  Hong Kong Observatory Hong Kong Observatory » Airport Thunderstorms & Lightning Alert System ATLAS » World Weather Information Service » MyObservatory  Immigration Department Immigration Department » e-Channel » Application & Investigation Easy System APPLIES  Customs and Excise Department Customs and Excise Department » Air Cargo Clearance System » Electronic System for Cargo Manifests » Road Cargo System ROCARS GE 2313 Global IT Cases  Efficiency Unit [under] Efficiency Unit [under] » Complaints Intelligence System  from 1823, conduct efficient and in-depth analysis of the information collected  generate meaningful statistics to help the management to monitor the performance and critical issue like the responses to tree management complaints using text mining technology  helps to discover hidden social issues and form a basis for better resources planning and deployment  Transport Department Transport Department » Public Transport Enquiry Service  Marine Department Marine Department » Electronic Business System  Airport Authority Airport Authority » Baggage Management System BMS  Food and Environmental Hygiene Department Food and Environmental Hygiene Department » Memorial.gov.hk Computers in Government 2013A – 10