1. BØGEKÆRGÅRD Anette & Kaj Munck www.boegekaergaard.dk

2. Denmark

4. Bøgekærgård Kaj Munck Tornemarksvej 4, Jyderup, 4640 Faxe

5. 5 Vi overtog Bøgekærgård i 1988

6. 6

7. Bøgekærgård 1988: 24 ha 60 sows, no workers, 2 million kr. 1992 buy 27 ha and make for 150 sows leasing 19 ha 1996 starting up finishers 2500/ year 1998 buy 35 ha 2004 build for 400 sows totally leasing 25 ha more 2005 buy 18 ha and leasing 29 ha 2012 leasing 30 ha more Today 188 ha 400 sows export 8800 in a pig circle contract 35 kgs. Pigs. 2900 finishers from 35-108, 4 workers Home production of breeding animal.

8. Antibiotic Growth Promotors 1988 Resistans to almost all kind of antibiotics. 1992 we got a contract export to UK through DC. 1995 free stop from Danish finishers 1995 Many farmers stopped giving weaners 1998 The year off a ban in DK for AGP for finishers. 1999 The year for a ban for AGP for weaners 2000 Total stop for AGP in EU 2005 also stop in France and Spain and Italy.!!!!

9. Denmarks National Scheme To Cut Antibiotic Use in Livestock Not a new thing – started 20 years ago Legislation and industry initiatives Laws Voluntary bans Focus on animal health many years before that Pigs SPF-system for pigs – 1968 Eradication of Aujeszkys disease-1980-1990 Cattle Eradication programmes for IBR – 1980-1990, BVD – last decade Broilers and layers Hygiene programmes in broilers – salmonella programme

10. What happened when we stopped AGP Diarrhoea more specifict.“Lawsonia” vaccination Mortality + 1 first year. Next year no difference. Change of minerals and premix more digestibility Change of protein more fishmeal and potato protein Less soybeanmeal more wheat No more milking powder in food. Except 3-12 kgs. Age of weaners from 24 days to 35 days. More straw to special weaners first 14 days. Use of floor heating in all pens for weaners. Small and big weaners in each room for treatment.

11. More focus for change of air. Sick pens for sick pigs giving antibiotics full dose. Finishers from 75 % wheat and 22% soybean meal---- 40% wheat 36% barley 20% soybean meal and 4% mineral mix. Giving more straw every day.= fiber Much focus on hygiene from small to big pigs All in All out and total clean between each batch. Not stream line pigs in special section 2 weeks more Lot of test for what a pig need in (in food) vsp.dk “ DANISH PIG RESEARCH CENTER”

12. Management Agreement with the vet and audit, selfcontrol Visit every month – inspection report Round trip for all pigs in all housing units Registration of antibiotics usage since last visit Prescription of antibiotics and vaccines and pain killers Autopsy of dead pigs Going through treatment and cause of death all pigs Faecal samples for testing bacterial resistance towards certain types of antibiotics

13. More focus for change of air and correct temperature. Sick pens for sick pigs giving antibiotics full dose. Finishers from 75 % wheat and 22% soybean meal---- 40% wheat 36% barley 20% soybean meal and 4% mineral mix. Giving more straw every day.= fiber Much focus on hygiene from small to big pigs-infection All in All out and total clean between each batch. Not stream line pigs in special section 2 weeks more Lot of test for what a pig need in (in food) vsp.dk= “ DANISH PIG RESEARCH CENTER”

14. Never wean pigs below 6.5 kg – never! Minimum age of weaned pig is 28 days by law. We have suckling period at 38 days. Weaning age 32 Never wean any sick pigs. More food for sows up to 16 kg/ day (avoid lean sows) Use nursing sows 2 steps. Check for sick pigs every day! Using collecting sows. Before weaning

15. Feed component must match the age of the pigs (compensate) Restrictive feeding especially the first 10-14 days after weaning Correct housing temperature, dry pens at insertion Number of pigs in the pens No cold draught in the resting area Floor heating - correct temperature for the pigs No manure or manure gas steaming up Straw for all pigs every day Check for sick pigs every day! Test of resistance diarrhoea BSO registration codes off disease Giving Yoghurt 10% 2x day in 7 days. Weaners

16. Sectioned batch operation 100% AIAO = all-in/all-out Washing and disinfection between batches Hygiene – a top priority desinfektion and drying in 2 days All sick pigs in relief pens - very important =1,2% dead !!! Only medication in sick pens and relief pens. Adding formic acid, lactic acid and propionic acid(-slatted floor) Probiotics ( feedstuff industri) Zinc oxide 2500 ppm first week after weaning Management

17. Finishers Feed components rich in fiber for pigs weighing 30-100 kg Correct housing temperature, dry pens at insertion No cold draught in the resting area Floor heating - correct temperature for the pigs No manure or manure gas steaming up Straw for all pigs every day Check for sick pigs every day! No waste of food any where Test of resistance diarrhoea BSO registration codes off disease

18. Impact on productivity, finishers (30-100 kg) - Experiences from 62 herds Participating herds No problems63 % Temporary ”imbalance” 26 % Permanent problems11 % Observed development in daily gain Erfaring 0005

19. Impact on productivity, finishers (30-100 kg) - Conclusions 1)Overall only few problems. 2)Experience groups giving ideas farm to farm 3) Existing know-how is sufficient to solve problems: More barley / texture in the feed Less crude protein Addition of organic acids to feed or water

20. Legislation Antibiotics have always been on prescription Ban on sale of generics from vet to farmer Separation of sales and veterinary advice Vetstat Yellow card

21. Separation of advise from sale of antibiotics – ban of sale of generics Pigs Vet not allowed to sell antibiotics (except for 5 days emergency treatment) Health advisory contract between producer and vet Vet writes prescription to producer Pharmacy delivers the product Producer can keep antibiotics for 35 days Removes incentive for prescribing too much Changes focus to management and prevention

22. Industry initiatives AGP’s Voluntary stop finishers 1998 Voluntary total stop 2000 Cephalosporins 2010 voluntary stop for 3. and 4. generation cephalosporins in the pig production Not used for Danish broilers Reduced use cattle

23. Effect of alternative strategies on productivity and diarrhoea Feed form Meal Pellets { Feed strategy Restrictive Ad libitum { Feed mix Expensive Cheap { Weaning age 4 weeks 5 weeks { Protein level High Low { Immunity (E-vitamin) { High Low Feed additives Feed type Gruel Dry { With restrictive feeding: Fewer treatments for diarrhoea Lower mortality (one herd) Reduced productivity (one herd) Reduced protein resulted in: Less diarrhoea (0.8-1.7 treat. days) = DKK +1-2 /pig Reduced gain (-30 g/day) = DKK -8.5/pig Expensive vs. cheap diets No effect on diarrhoea Improved gain in one herd (out of two) = DKK +4 /pig Additional cost with expensive feed = DKK 12-15 /pig More ”robust” pigs with late weaning

24. Conclusion Production of finishers without AGP is possible Weaning without AGP is possible, but not easy Positive effect of late weaning Effect of low protein, but not economically Some products can help the pigs Organic acids in high doses (> 1%)

25. Feeding is not a single factor! Remember that many other things can affect productivity and health

26. Experiences Farmer-to-farmer exchange of know-how Yearly congress for pig farmers – new knowledge Use of independent advisers food, vet and consultant. Handle the pigs the way you want to be handled

27. "It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is the most adaptable to change." - Charles Darwin Survival

37. SVIN 2011 kg aktivt stof Ændr. i forh. Antibiotikagruppejanfebmaraprmajjunjulaugsepokt til jan-okt 2010 Amfenikoler11124212149810 2925,8 Aminoglycosider390335388344398366318409355350-12,1 Andre3330322834273433 31-25,7 Cephalosporiner0000000000-97,6 Fluorokinoloner500 Lincomycin206170203172192183174204182186-16,4 Makrolider755695805764851803747960866854-27,4 Penicilliner (sim.)1490135414941278136913071167144213091270-11,4 Penicilliner (udv.)621597679565655613532615607591-20,7 Sulfa-TMP600576684526619613535676588570-21,3 Tetracykliner2282202522871885219721551928237921452160-22,2 Tiamuliner670572660566621617527673632669-31,6 Total7064636872746141695266935971740367286711-21,1

39. Svinekødsbranche i DK pr. dec. 2010

40. Export of pork from Denmark 90% of production Germany UK China Japan Russia Poland Italy, Sweden, France and now also Australia(freeland food)

41. Living export. Germany: 5.500.000 at 30 kg Germany:200.000 finishers 120 kg Poland:1.000.000 at 30 kg East Europe: 1.000.000.30-35 kg Breeding sows 300.000. all around the world.

42. Special for Denmark. New law 1 january 2012 : Alarm elektronik SMS alarm when slurry tank is 95 % full evt. Alarm to Falck or ISS, via mobil. If slurry tank is closer than 200 m to a lake or a little stream, must be a plan for safety and must be dyke around to protect nature!!!!!!! Log book for slurry tank describing floating layer if it is OK. Every month we make registrations on internet.(controlled by airphotos

43. Min 8 hours light a day at all pigs 200 LUX Alarm system giving signal by missing ventilation If water is running, Alarm system must call you if temperature is high or low, if electricity has been cut off. Test 1x/week. Self Audit that you tested it. Alarm has to call at least 3 persons or a central for alarm. Emergency ventilation if temperature over max.ore if electricity has been cut off. Welfare

45. Sick pens 3-5 % off all pens has to be for sick pigs, There must always be a vacant room for a sick pigs. Rooting materials for all pigs at all All pigs to be pain killed before they are castrated.

47. DyregruppeOne pig, m2/pig more than one, m2/pig Sows and gilt 3,502,80 Weaners, 7-15 kg0,410,36 Pigs, 15-30 kg0,690,58 Pigs, 30-60 kg1,140,91 Finishers 60-100 kg1,701,29 Finishers, 100-130 kg2,051,53 Young female,130-150 kg2,281,69

48. “PIG RESEARCH CENTER” Lot of test for optimal temperature Foodstuff Degree of grinding different for age of pigs Max and min standard, of different foodstuff minerals etc. Zink max 2500 ppm. Cu 2 milligram /kg some troubles special in Holland big use of Cu as grow promoters had been given a lot of dead sheep, they were poising by Cu.

50. Sick pens 3-5 % of all animals in the herd must have space in sick pens maximum 3 in each room The floor must be soft and lot of straw 5 times space heating supply, and area for cooling, max 25% drained floor And after this relief pens for recreation.

54. 2010 Yellow card initiative Herds with more than double the average consumption ADD – Animal daily doses Placed under extra supervision If not successful in reduction off antibiotic Second opinion visit Other restrictions can be inforced – reduction of production level much more control and advicing.

55. 2012 Germany start making Yellow card for pigs in the same way as Denmark, Starting up 1. april and adjust 1-1-2013 Holland are now refused to reduce use off antbiotics 50 % in 2012.

60. Yellow card initiative

61. SPF control Red system (breeding and multiplying) Visit from independent vets once a month Clinical control Bloodsamples and other relevant clinical material Check of biosecurity compliance Blue system (production herds) Visit by practitioner every month Clinical control Bloodsamples once a year Check of biosecurity compliance

62. SPF All herds have to comply with strict biosecurity-rules Only receiving pigs from the system Bird proofing Rodent control Restrictions on persons entering the herd Quarantine – change of clothe, change of boots, hand washing Building totally sealed of from the surroundings Only SPF-authorised transport of pigs

63. Use of antibiotics in the animal production - 2009

64. Salmonella resistans in pork-2009 – relevant antibiotics

65. CODE OF PRATICE 2002 Background Extern audit once a year Purpose Delivery of pigs and sows Danish Crown's ethical approach to pig production Danish Crown rules Food Security infection Protection

66. Feed Self Treatment of swine Salmonella and other zoonoses Medical residues meat and fat quality Halothane and RN-gene Requirements for the feed animal ethics Natural light in all stables

67. Damages in pigs and sows Posal of dead pigs QS kontrol German costomers Control penalties CHR registration of all transportation of livestock annimal i DK.

70. Special for Denmark. New law 1 january 2012 : Alarm elektronik SMS alarm when manure tank is 95 % full evt. Alarm to Falck or ISS, via mobil. If manure tank is closer than 200 m to a lake or a little stream, must be made a plan for safety and must be dyke around to protect nature!!!!!!! Log book for slurry tank describing floating layer if it is OK. Every month we make registrations on internet.(controlled by airphotos once a year)

71. The future in Denmark for pig farm big size is negative Long distance, to next neighbor 2000 m. Many ha for manure 51 finishers /ha Cleaning systems for air ammonia and smell O-tolerance for smell and ammonia Good logistic for transportation, food, pigs and slurry. 4 years administrations time maybe more if any complain. Lots of restrictions use of land. Harassment crops Environnement

73. Salmonellaplan 100 million kr in 1995 and 25 million kr. Year since. Denmark is now almost free of salmonella in eggs and poultry. 90% off all salmonella sick people have got it from other countries ( hollidays etc.) or from imported food Raspberry scandal in Germany 35 death and many sick for a long time. Use of

74. P is a trouble: it is very necessary but the standard is very low. Max 30 kg / ha Year Makes it necessary making use of Phytase -60% Very difficult to start up a new production of livestock because of troubles with phosphorus, around in the seas and lakes and rivers. BUT it is allow to use in fertilizer more than 30 kg

75. Also nitrogen is a trouble. Government have made standard for how much N it is allowed / ha in the different sorts of land and crops. We are missing about 20-30% yield / ha In 1989 an interview in TV show 10 dead lobsters found in the sea north of Zealand and suddenly all Danish farmers had to manure tanks for 1 year production of manure. And rules for when we may bring it out for the crops and how much. Standard for minerals only in Denmark