1. U NITED S TATES P RESIDENTIAL E LECTIONS OF 1860 AND 1968 Emily Dingwell AP US History

2. Election of 1860 Four political parties each supplied a candidate. Republican – Abraham Lincoln Southern Democratic – John C. Breckinridge Northern Democratic – Stephen A. Douglas Constitutional Union – John Bell Main issues included: Slavery States Rights & Secession

3. Abraham Lincoln He was the Presidential Nominee for the Republican Party. His running mate was Hannibal Hamlin. Was a politician from Illinois. Was born in Kentucky to a frontier family. Was married to Mary Todd and had 4 sons, but only one son reached adulthood. Abraham Lincoln

4. John C. Breckinridge The Southern Democratic party nominated him as their Presidential candidate. Was a Representative from Kentucky. Ran with Joseph Lane. Fought for the Confederacy during the Civil War John C. Breckinridge

5. Stephen A. Douglas He was the Presidential Candidate for the Northern Democratic Party. Herschel Vespasian Johnson was his running mate Was a Illinois Senator. He won the Senate race against Lincoln in 1859. In the debates against Lincoln for the Senate seat, he issued the infamous Freeport Doctrine, which contributed immensely to the Southern opposition. Stephen A. Douglas

6. John Bell John Bell was the presidential nominee for the Constitutional Union party. Ran with Edward Everrett. Was a Senator from Tennessee. Served as Speaker of the House from 1834 – 1835 John Bell

7. The Breaking of the Democratic Party The democratic Party split into two sections during the election of 1860. After intense and very heated debates at the first Democratic National Convention, the party separated to have two separate conventions.

8. Slavery Slavery was a critical issue, it tore the nation apart more than any other issue. However, no candidate wanted to outlaw slavery completely Lincoln & Republicans: Free Soil, Contain Slavery where it is and it will eventually die out. Douglas & Northern Democrats: Popular Sovereignty, let the people vote on slavery in the territories. Breckinridge & Southern Democrats: Federal Slave Code, allow slavery in all the territories Bell & Constitutional Unionists Vague Policy on slavery The Nation Was Torn Apart

9. Secession Even before the election, many Southern States were threatening to Secede from the Union. After Lincoln won the election, the Secession crisis worsened because Southern Leaders realized that they could not control the federal government any longer. Both Lincoln and Bell wanted to preserve the Union, and keep the country together.

10. Election Results Lincoln won the election with 180 electoral votes, and 39.9% of the popular vote. Breckinridge won most of the Southern states to take second with 72 electoral votes. Douglas won 29.5% of the popular vote, but only 12 electoral votes. Bell won 39 electoral votes, with 12.5% of the popular vote

12. E LECTION OF 1968 There were three major candidates Richard M. Nixon – Republican Hubert Humphrey – Democratic George C. Wallace – American Independent The primary issues were: Vietnam War Civil Rights & “Law and Order”

13. Richard M. Nixon He was the Republican Presidential Candidate. Ran with Spiro Agnew. Nixon served as Vice President under Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1961. He ran for president before, in 1960, and was defeated by JFK. He then ran, unsuccessfully, for governor of California in 1962. Richard M. Nixon

14. Hubert Humphery He was the Democratic Presidential Candidate. Edmund Muskie was his running mate. Was the standing Vice President under Lyndon B. Johnson. Was a pharmacist for 7 years and worked in his father’s drug store. Hubert Humphrey

15. George Wallace He was a third party candidate, running for the American Independent Party. Ran with Curtis LeMay on the Vice Presidential ticket. Served as Governor of Alabama for 4 terms, 1963- 1967, 1971-1975, 1975-1979, and 1983-1987. He ran for President 3 other times, but this was the only election where he ran as an Independent. George Wallace

16. Vietnam War The Vietnam War was a major political and social issue Students Protesting the Vietnam War Soldiers in Combat in Vietnam Many riots and demonstrations were held in protest of the war.

17. Vietnam War cont. Both Nixon and Humphrey promised to end the war if they were elected. Nixon was very unspecific with the details of how. Humphrey promised to stop bombing the country to create peace. Wallace didn’t have a plan to end the war and his running mate, LeMay, seemed to support it.

18. Civil Rights While Civil Rights was a major social issue during 1968, it didn’t play much into the election. Wallace ran on a campaign of “law and order,” to “protect” whit communities from black crime. He often favored segregation while governor of Alabama Nixon’s running mate, Agnew, often referred to ethnic minorities by derogatory names which got him into trouble. Tommie Smith and John Carlos protest at the 1968 Olympics

20. Election Results Richard Nixon won the election with 301 electoral votes and 43.4% of the popular vote. Humphrey came in a close second with 42.7% of the popular vote and 191 electoral votes. Wallace finished with a respectable 46 electoral votes This election had the second smallest margin in the popular vote in 76 years.

21. W ORKS C ITED (P ICTURES ) http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/h?pp/PPALL:@field(NUMBER+@1(cph+3a53289))http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/h?pp/PPALL:@field(NUMBER+@1(cph+3a53289)) Abraham Lincoln http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/78636/9048/John-Breckinridge-oil-on-canvas-by-MW-Clark-in- thehttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/78636/9048/John-Breckinridge-oil-on-canvas-by-MW-Clark-in- the John C. Breckinridge http://www.sonofthesouth.net/slavery/pictures/stephen-a-douglas.jpghttp://www.sonofthesouth.net/slavery/pictures/stephen-a-douglas.jpg Stephen A. Douglas http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f0/John_Bell_of_Tennessee.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f0/John_Bell_of_Tennessee.jpg John Bell http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/44/70744-004-E3E6693D.jpghttp://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/44/70744-004-E3E6693D.jpg Tearing Apart of Nation http://www.britannica.com/bps/image/341682/67666/Results-of-the-American-presidential-election-1860- Presidential-Candidate-Politicalhttp://www.britannica.com/bps/image/341682/67666/Results-of-the-American-presidential-election-1860- Presidential-Candidate-Political 1860 map http://z.about.com/d/musiced/1/0/Y/8/nixon.jpghttp://z.about.com/d/musiced/1/0/Y/8/nixon.jpg Richard Nixon http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/h?pp/PPALL:@field(NUMBER+@1(cph+3a27426))http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/h?pp/PPALL:@field(NUMBER+@1(cph+3a27426)) Hubert Humphrey http://www.archives.state.al.us/govs_list/govs_gifs/george_wallace.jpghttp://www.archives.state.al.us/govs_list/govs_gifs/george_wallace.jpg George Wallace http://www.britannica.com/bps/image/1586266/67693/Results-of-the-American-presidential-election-1968- Presidential-Candidate-Politicalhttp://www.britannica.com/bps/image/1586266/67693/Results-of-the-American-presidential-election-1968- Presidential-Candidate-Political 1968 map http://www.eagleton.rutgers.edu/programs/egov/images/1860democrats.jpghttp://www.eagleton.rutgers.edu/programs/egov/images/1860democrats.jpg Democratic smash 1860 http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ug03/henning/cwcartoons/cartoons/wexploded.jpghttp://xroads.virginia.edu/~ug03/henning/cwcartoons/cartoons/wexploded.jpg secession 1860 http://rosenblumtv.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/vietnam-soldiers-1.jpghttp://rosenblumtv.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/vietnam-soldiers-1.jpg Vietnam http://chandrakantha.com/articles/indian_music/filmi_sangeet/media/1967_vietnam_protest2.jpghttp://chandrakantha.com/articles/indian_music/filmi_sangeet/media/1967_vietnam_protest2.jpg Vietnam Protest http://library.duke.edu/exhibits/sevenelections/images/speex010240010-med.jpghttp://library.duke.edu/exhibits/sevenelections/images/speex010240010-med.jpg Anti-War 1968 http://www.athousandwords.com/blog/uploaded_images/090301_Tommie_John-727486.jpghttp://www.athousandwords.com/blog/uploaded_images/090301_Tommie_John-727486.jpg 1968 Olympic Protest http://www.historycentral.com/PageMill_Images/image113.gifhttp://www.historycentral.com/PageMill_Images/image113.gif results 1968 http://www.historycentral.com/PageMill_Images/image30.gifhttp://www.historycentral.com/PageMill_Images/image30.gif results 1860