2. Unit Seven Kids on the Track 1

3. Backgrounds 2

4. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 3 Conrail  Conrail Conrail began operations in April 1976, although its origins go back to the earliest days of railroading in North America. The oldest segment of what became Conrail was the Granite Railway Co., built in 1826 to carry granite blocks for the Bunker Hill Monument in West Quincy, Massachusetts. Nearly 150 years later, scores of railroads in the Northeast and Midwest had been acquired or merged into six different lines.

5. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 4 They are Central Railroad of New Jersey, Erie Lackawanna, Lehigh & Hudson River, Lehigh Valley, Penn Central, and Reading. In the early 1970s, one by one, these six railroads entered bankruptcy. And in the mid-1970’s, seven railroads were combined into a new company, Consolidated Rail Corporation (Conrail).

6. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 5 Images of Some Freight cars

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11. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 10 Images of Some Localmotives

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16. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 15  Emergency Service The emergency services are the public organization whose job is to take quick action to deal with emergencies when they occur, especially the fire brigade, the police, and the ambulance service. The telephone number used in Britain for calling the police, fire or ambulance services in an emergency is 999 in Britain and 911 in the US.

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18. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 17 Part One (paras. 1-13) While Kate was putting the groceries away and her two sons were heading for the railroad, a train was approaching.

19. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 18 Eg. All his life has been ~ing with / against injustice. I’m too sleepy to ~ it. I ~ed ~ the question and finally found the answer. The cashier ~ed briefly ~ her conscience before making the false entries in the accounts book.  Struggle with (against) ( L. 2) v-phr.: have difficulty handling or coping with

20. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 19 Eg. So it's the thumbs up for Brighton's latest night club.  Thumb-up (L.10):used to show approval of sth thumbs down (inf.) :used to show disapproval of sth They've given our plan the thumbs down (= They have disagreed with our plan). (To be continued)

21. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 20 Phrases with “thumb”:  all (fingers and) thumbs: to be very awkward with your hands  under sb's thumb: to be under sb’s control  thumb a lift: to stand near the edge of a road and hold out your hand with the thumb raised as a signal for a vehicle to stop and take you sw.  thumb your nose at sb/sth: to show a lack of respect  a thumb in one’s eye: 眼中钉，令人讨厌的事 或人

22. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 21 Eg. Before I close I must ~ your ~ to the problem we have to face. Could I ~ your ~ to item number three on the agenda? Our ~ has been drawn to a spectacular display of fireworks.  To draw one’s attention ( to ) (L.19): to make sb aware of and be concerned about sh

23. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 22 Part Two (paras. 14-33) Anthony prevented a horrible railroad accident and saved the lives of the Pitchard children at the risk of his own life.

24. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 23 Eg. When she gave (them) the signal, they all cheered. The firework was a signal that the festival had started. The police officer gave us a signal to stop. The signal for a race to start is often the firing of a gun.  Signal (L. 23):  n. an action, movement or sound which gives information, a message, a warning or an order (To be continued)

25. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 24  v. Eg. He ~ed that he wanted to go home. She ~ed for help. She ~ed to the cars behind that they were going the wrong way. The children's mother ~ed them (to / for them ) to be quiet. The death of Chairman Mao ~ed (= marked) the end of an era in Chinese history. (To be continued)

26. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 25  Signal book  Signal box (Br.E) / tower (Am.E)  Signal fire  Signal flag  Signalman  Signal lamp  Signal department  Signal station  Signal rocket Do you know ? 旗语手册 信号箱 ( 塔 ) 烟火信号 手旗 信号员 ( 通讯兵 ) 信号灯 信号情报 信号站 信号火箭

27. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 26  Out of the way (L. 24):  at a distance from the usual route; Eg. We have bought a little cottage quite ~. It's a very beautiful village but it's a bit ~.  in a state or condition so as not to hinder Eg. I’ll move this chair ~. Please step ~ and let me handle the stone.  (fig). unusual, remarkable Eg. That picture is nothing ~.( 没什么特别的 ) He has done nothing ~. (To be continued)

28. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 27  to kill dead Eg. They have out that old dog~.  Out of reach / danger Eg. You should put the pill ~ of your baby. While the fight was going on, she tried to keep ~.  to deal with, to solve Eg. She feels better now, the problem is ~.

29. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 28 Eg. They ~d their talk after a short break. Normal services will be ~d in the spring. He stopped to take a sip of water and then ~d speaking. Resumption n. The president called for an immediate ceasefire and a ~ of negotiations between the two sides.  Structure Ex. P.210 Structure Ex. P.210  Resume (L. 24) v. to begin sth or doing sth again after a pause, start again to ~ n / doing sth

30. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 29 Eg. a girl of ~ height a ~-sized book the ~ income group ~ frequency (MF) 中频 ~ wave (MW) 中波 Would you like your steak rare, medium, or well-done?  Medium (L. 26). adj . being in the middle between an upper and lower amount, size, degree or value  (of meat) cooked so that it is no longer red in the middle (To be continued)

31. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 30  Medium n.  method [C] plu. media or mediums: a method or way of expressing sth Eg: the broadcasting / print ~ They told the story through the ~ of dance.  person [C] plu. mediums: a person who says that they can receive messages from people who are dead (To be continued)

32. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 31 Eg. They spend their weekends ~ing around on their boat. My brother likes ~ing around with computers. I told children to stop ~ing about with the bonfire if they don’t want to get burned. (To be continued)  Mess around /about (L. 29) v-phr. (infml.): spent time playing or doing things with no particular purpose

33. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 32  More examples:  Stop ~ing about and listen to me! (stop behave in a stupid or annoying way)  I'm tired of being ~ed around by my bank. (to be treated roughly)  Give him an old clock to pull to pieces, and he’ll ~ with it for hours. (cause disorder to sth)  Tell me clearly what has happened and don’t ~. (Don’t speak stupidly)

34. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 33 Eg. She waited until her coffee had ~ed down before taking a sip. We went for a swim to ~ off. Leave her to ~ off and then talk to her. A heated argument can be settled better if both sides ~ down first.  Cool down /off (L. 31): v-phr.  to become less hot, or to make sb or sth become less hot  to stop feeling angry after an argument, or to stop sb else feeling angry after an argument

35. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 34 Part Three (paras. 34-35) Anthony and Prichards became great friends

36. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 35 Eg. I've just ~ted Malcolm - he's over there, near the entrance. If you ~ any mistakes in the article just mark them with a pencil.  Spot (L. 35): see or recognize, pick out to spot sth sb doing sth that-cl. (To be continued)

37. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 36 The police ~ted him driving a stolen car. I soon ~ted what was wrong with the printer. The policewoman ~ted that I hadn't got my seat belt on and signaled me to stop

38. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 37 Eg. His face appeared for an ~ at the window. In an ~ the mood of the room changed. Do your homework this ~. I tried phoning her the ~ (that ) (= as soon as ) I got home. She began to cry the ~ she read the letter.  instant (L. 35)  n. [u] moment, a very brief period of time (To be continued)

39. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 38  adj. Eg. Contrary to expectations, the film was an ~ success. We can’t promise ~ solutions, but we can promise to listen. They took an ~ liking to each other. instant coffee/soup /food /noodle  Exercise One Exercise One

40. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 39 Eg. The child ~ed on his mother’s coat wanting to leave. I ~ed on my clothes and ran away quickly. P~ on that bell rope and a nurse will come to you in a instant.  Pull on (L. 40): v-phr. take hold of sth and pull it with strength

41. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 40  With all one’s strength (L. 40): with all one’s power Eg. She opened the door ~ all her ~ and ran out of the room. W~ his ~ he move the piano to the next room.

42. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 41 Eg. Thunder ~ed over the meadow. The boiler ~ed and a big fire ensued. I threw the vase on the floor and it ~ed into tiny pieces.  Explode (L. 41) burst with a loud noise; to express strong emotions in a sudden, noisy, and often violent way (To be continued)

43. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 42 When I told Ian that Maggie had refused to come, he simply ~ed. explode in/with: She suddenly ~ed with rage, and stormed off. explode into: The room ~ed into uproar when the fire alarm went off.

44. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 43  Sway (L. 44) v.  to move or swing gently, slowly from side to side Eg. The ladder ~ed precariously. Their bodies ~ed to the music. The trees ~ed in the wind.  to influence or change one’s opinion Do not allow yourselves to be ~ed by these arguments. Her speech failed to ~ her colleagues into supporting the plan.

45. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 44  Flash (46): v. move very fast; produce a sudden bright light Eg. Thunder roared and lightning ~ed. The days (week) ~ed / seemed to ~ by. He ~ed a smile and offered to buy me a drink. He came out of the bushes and ~ed at me. The idea ~ed into his mind. 这念头突然闪 过他的脑海。 My mind ~ed back to last Christmas.

46. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 45  Scott looked and froze.(L.53):he looked up and become completely still with fear.  Leap (L.56) :(leaped or lept) jump Eg. Gordon’s secretary ~ed to her feet (=suddenly stood up) when she saw me. He leapt out of his car and ran towards the house. I ~ed up to answer the phone The dog leapt over the gate into the field.

47. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 46  Grab (L. 56) : seize suddenly; take roughly and quickly Eg. One of the men was ~bed and shoved into a car. A mugger ~bed my handbag as I was walking across the park. He ~bed (hold of) his child's arm to stop her from running into the road.

48. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 47  With perhaps ten feet left…(L.56): with + n. + complement, used as adv.  Structure Ex. P. 211  They were gone ( L.63): They had disappeared!

49. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 48  Crash (L.65): v. fall or strike suddenly, violently, and noisily Eg. The plane ~ed into a mountainside. Her brother borrowed her motorbike and ~ed it. The wind howled and the waves ~ed against the rocks. The elephant ~ed through the forest.

50. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 49 Eg. The child ~ed ~ to pick up the toy. The thief ~ed ~ a hand for the money. She set up her charity to ~ to the thousands of homeless on the streets.(fig) The farm means ease and security and wealthy, I think that’s what I’ve been ~ing ~ for, really. (fig)  Reach out (L.65): v-phr. to stretch out one’s arm in order to get or touch sth, to reach out for sth or to sb

51. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 50 Eg. At last Tom ~ed himself ~ the disagreeable roommate. A surprised witness ~ed him ~ the rime. Note: can be used as adj.-phr. We’re ~ danger now. I wish I were ~ debt.  Clear of (L. 66): v-phr. free from, not in contact with

52. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 51  Scrap (L. 68): v. push or drag (sth) along a hard or rough surface Eg. You’ll have to ~ the walls before you paint them. We'll have to ~ the snow off the car before we go out in it. George drove too close to the wall and ~d the car’s wing. To be continued)

53. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 52  scrape through (sth) v-phr.:to succeed in something but with a lot of difficulty: He managed to~ his exam with 52%.  scrape by v-phr.: to have enough money to pay for the things you really need in order to live, but no more She just manages to ~ on her teacher’s salary.  scrape home BrE:to achieve victory in a way that is not very impressive Their candidate scraped home by just fifteen votes

54. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 53  Punch (L. 70): hit hard Eg. Two men ~ed him, knocking him to the ground. She ~ed her pillow angrily. The young couple quarreled with each other. The wife ~ed her husband on the nose.  to punch the (sb.'s) ticket 剪 ( 票 )  punch(ed) card (tape) ( 统计机上用的 ) 穿孔 卡片 / 带

55. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 54 Eg. My daughter was jumping ~ on the sofa. The boat went ~ on the rough sea. Window cleaners / spidermen were pulled ~ the tall buildings on cradle. I ’ve been ~ recently. I think I need a holiday.(fig.) How are things at your office? Oh, ~ you know. (fig.)  Up and down (L. 77): adv./prep.-phr. higher and lower

56. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 55  Ups and downs n. Eg. Life is full of ~. / Life has its ~. We all have our ~. He has has more ups than downs in his life time.  Cinemas up and down the country are reporting huge audiences for the film.

57. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 56 Eg. A bomb exploded at the embassy, ~ing several people. She fell and ~d her shoulder. He was badly ~d in the crash. He claimed that working too hard was ~ing his health.  Injure (L. 76): to hurt or cause physical harm to a person or animal (To be continued)

58. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 57  Injure  Harm  Hurt  Damage  Impair  Wound

59. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 58  Injure: any sort of damage, large or small, the appearance, health, soundness, of a person or thing, when referring to the outside injury, the injured part would at least lost its f unction temporarily, sometimes it can be exchanged with hurt, but more formal. Eg. The diver was badly ~d on both legs in the traffic accident. The affair severely ~d his reputation. (To be continued)

60. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 59  Harm: more specific than injure in stressing the infliction of pain, suffering or loss, more strongly suggests the pain or distress caused. Eg. The mother was afraid that in his fury the father would ~ the child. She worried that her bellowing? might have ~ed. H~ set, ~ get. ( H~ watch, ~ catch.) 害人害己。 (To be continued)

61. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 60  Hurt: less formal, particularly means to cause physical injury or bodily or mental emotional pain to a person or animal, or causing of any kind of harm damage. Eg. I don’t mean to ~ your feeling. Tell me where it hurts. Emma ~ her back when she fell off her horse. He was badly ~ by the end of his marriage. A lot of businesses are being ~ by the current high interest rates. (To be continued)

62. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 61  Damage:implies an injury that results in lowered value or involves lose in effectiveness, attractiveness, usefulness or efficiency. Eg. The heavy rain ~d some fields. Many buildings were badly ~d during the war. China ~s easily. Her heart was slightly ~d as a result of her long illness. (To be continued)

63. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 62  Impair: sth that is to cause it to deteriorate in quality or to lessen in value, strength etc., to spoil or weaken sth so that it is less effective Eg. A recurring knee injury may have ~ed his chances of winning the tournament. The output of produce was ~ed by the cold weather. (To be continued)

64. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 63  Wound: means to cause a damage place in the body, usually a hole, a cut, a flesh, or tear through skin, especially done on purpose by weapon, such as a gun, but inside body, injury or hurt should be used. Eg. They were seriously ~ed in that battle. Flying glass ~ed her in the face and neck. The police chief was badly ~ed in the explosion. The bullet ~ed him in the shoulder.  Exercise Two Exercise Two

65. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 64 Eg. She ~ed her head (round) so she could see what was happening. People ~ed in their seats to see him. The girl ~ed her hair round her finger to make it curl. If you use too much force, you’ll ~ the key.  Twist (L. 82): v. turn round; revolve (To be continued)

66. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 65 My mother ~ ed in a bitter smile. He ~ed my words. His mind is really ~ed, for he loves hurting small animals. You’re ~ing my words. You know that’s not what I meant.

67. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 66 Eg. He went tearing along the road after the bus. The excited children tore noisily down the street. After class many children are ~ing about / around the playground.  be in a tearing hurry :to be going sw very quickly, usually because you are late Eg. I’m in a ~ing hurry to his birthday party.  Tear (L. 87): (colloq.) tore, torn; to move very quickly or excitedly with great speed

68. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 67 Eg. He ~ed me from blame. Hills ~ed the town from the winds. He often ~s the homeless. We were caught in a thunderstorm, without anywhere to ~.  Shelter (L. 102): v. protect, cover to shelter sb / sth (from ) (To be continued)

69. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 68 A group of us were ~ing from the rain under the trees. Local people risked their own lives to ~ resistance fighters from the army. You cannot ~ your children from the realities of life. We found a ~ed spot / place to have our picnic.

70. Please finish the following task!

71. Unit Seven Text A Kids On The track 70  Assignment:  Review Unit Translation (homework) Finish the rest exercises Reciting the text  Preview Unit